Python Qt5 : QColorDialog example.

Today I will show you how to use the QColorDialog and clipboard with PyQt5.
You can read documentation from the official website.
This example used a tray icon with actions for each type of code color.
The code of color is put into clipboard area and print on the shell.
I use two ways to get the code of color:

• parse the result of currentColor depends by type of color codel;
• get the code of color by a special function from QColorDialog;

To select the color I want to use is need to use the QColorDialog:

Let's see the source code:

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

# create the application
app = QApplication([])
app.setQuitOnLastWindowClosed(False)

# get the icon file
icon = QIcon("icon.png")

# create clipboard
clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
# create dialog color
dialog = QColorDialog()

# create functions to get parsing color
def get_color_hex():
    if dialog.exec_():
        color = dialog.currentColor()
        clipboard.setText(color.name())
        print(clipboard.text())

def get_color_rgb():
    if dialog.exec_():
        color = dialog.currentColor()
        clipboard.setText("rgb(%d, %d, %d)" % (
            color.red(), color.green(), color.blue()
        ))
        print(clipboard.text())

def get_color_hsv():
    if dialog.exec_():
        color = dialog.currentColor()
        clipboard.setText("hsv(%d, %d, %d)" % (
            color.hue(), color.saturation(), color.value()
        ))
        print(clipboard.text())
# create function to use getCmyk 
def get_color_getCmyk():
    if dialog.exec_():
        color = dialog.currentColor()
        clipboard.setText("Cmyk(%d, %d, %d, %d, %d)" % (
            color.getCmyk()
        ))
        print(clipboard.text())


# create the tray icon application
tray = QSystemTrayIcon()
tray.setIcon(icon)
tray.setVisible(True)

# create the menu and add actions
menu = QMenu()
action1 = QAction("Hex")
action1.triggered.connect(get_color_hex)
menu.addAction(action1)

action2 = QAction("RGB")
action2.triggered.connect(get_color_rgb)
menu.addAction(action2)

action3 = QAction("HSV")
action3.triggered.connect(get_color_hsv)
menu.addAction(action3)

action4 = QAction("Cmyk")
action4.triggered.connect(get_color_getCmyk)
menu.addAction(action4)

action5 =QAction("Exit")
action5.triggered.connect(exit)
menu.addAction(action5)

# add the menu to the tray icon application
tray.setContextMenu(menu)

app.exec_()

Python Qt5 : tray icon example.

This tutorial is about another tray icon application type.
The base application is the same like any application with some changes with this steps:
- QSystemTrayIcon this will start to create the application like an tray icon application;
- create one menu to show if you use the right click of mouse;
- add a menu with action items;
- add the exit action to close the tray icon application;
- you can use the action item from menu to print a message
Let's see the source code:

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
# create the application
app = QApplication([])
app.setQuitOnLastWindowClosed(False)

# create the icon
icon = QIcon("icon.png")

# create the tray icon 
tray = QSystemTrayIcon()
tray.setIcon(icon)
tray.setVisible(True)

# this will print a message 
def print_msg():
 print("This action is triggered connect!")

# create the menu for tray icon
menu = QMenu()

# add one item to menu 
action = QAction("This is menu item")
menu.addAction(action)
action.triggered.connect(print_msg)

# add exit item to menu 
exitAction = QAction("&Exit")
menu.addAction(exitAction)
exitAction.triggered.connect(exit)

# add the menu to the tray
tray.setContextMenu(menu)

# start application execution 
app.exec_()

This is result of the running source code:

Python Qt5 : QtSql with QtOpenGL example.

Today I will show you how to deal with QtOpenGL.
Let's make a test to see what is this:

>>> import PyQt5
>>> from PyQt5.QtOpenGL import *
>>> dir(PyQt5.QtOpenGL)
['QGL', 'QGLContext', 'QGLFormat', 'QGLWidget', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader
__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']

The QtOpenGL is used to take an OpenGL content and show into the PyQt5 application.
You need to kknow how to use OpenGL API.
You can see the result of this example:

This is the source code for my example:

import sys
import math

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMessageBox
from PyQt5.QtOpenGL import QGL, QGLFormat, QGLWidget

try:
    from OpenGL import GL
except ImportError:
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    QMessageBox.critical(None, "OpenGL samplebuffers",
            "PyOpenGL must be installed to run this example.")
    sys.exit(1)

# use to create OpenGL content 
class GLWidget(QGLWidget):
    GL_MULTISAMPLE = 0x809D
    # rotation to 0
    rot = 0.0

    def __init__(self, parent):
        super(GLWidget, self).__init__(QGLFormat(QGL.SampleBuffers), parent)
        self.list_ = []
        self.startTimer(40)
        self.setWindowTitle("OpenGL with sample buffers")

    def initializeGL(self):
        GL.glMatrixMode(GL.GL_PROJECTION)
        GL.glLoadIdentity()
        GL.glOrtho( -.5, .5, .5, -.5, -1000, 1000)
        GL.glMatrixMode(GL.GL_MODELVIEW)
        GL.glLoadIdentity()
        GL.glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

        self.makeObject()

    def resizeGL(self, w, h):
        GL.glViewport(0, 0, w, h)

    def paintGL(self):
        GL.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

        GL.glMatrixMode(GL.GL_MODELVIEW)
        GL.glPushMatrix()
        GL.glEnable(GLWidget.GL_MULTISAMPLE)
        GL.glTranslatef( -0.25, -0.10, 0.0)
        GL.glScalef(0.75, 1.15, 0.0)
        GL.glRotatef(GLWidget.rot, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
        GL.glCallList(self.list_)
        GL.glPopMatrix()

        GL.glPushMatrix()
        GL.glDisable(GLWidget.GL_MULTISAMPLE)
        GL.glTranslatef(0.25, -0.10, 0.0)
        GL.glScalef(0.75, 1.15, 0.0)
        GL.glRotatef(GLWidget.rot, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
        GL.glCallList(self.list_)
        GL.glPopMatrix()

        GLWidget.rot += 0.2

        self.qglColor(Qt.black)
        self.renderText(-0.35, 0.4, 0.0, "Multisampling enabled")
        self.renderText(0.15, 0.4, 0.0, "Multisampling disabled")

    def timerEvent(self, event):
        self.update()
    # create one object 
    def makeObject(self):
        x1 = +0.05
        y1 = +0.25
        x2 = +0.15
        y2 = +0.21
        x3 = -0.25
        y3 = +0.2
        x4 = -0.1  
        y4 = +0.2
        x5 = +0.25 
        y5 = -0.05

        self.list_ = GL.glGenLists(1)
        GL.glNewList(self.list_, GL.GL_COMPILE)
        
        self.qglColor(Qt.blue)
        self.geometry(GL.GL_POLYGON, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, x5, y5)
        
        GL.glEndList()
    # create geometry of object depend of render - GL_POLYGON
    # used five points 
    def geometry(self, primitive, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, x5, y5):
        GL.glBegin(primitive)

        GL.glVertex2d(x1, y1)
        GL.glVertex2d(x2, y2)
        GL.glVertex2d(x3, y3)
        GL.glVertex2d(x4, y4)
        GL.glVertex2d(x5, y5)

        GL.glEnd()
# start the application 
if __name__ == '__main__':

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    my_format = QGLFormat.defaultFormat()
    my_format.setSampleBuffers(True)
    QGLFormat.setDefaultFormat(my_format)

    if not QGLFormat.hasOpenGL():
        QMessageBox.information(None, "OpenGL using samplebuffers",
                "This system does not support OpenGL.")
        sys.exit(0)

    widget = GLWidget(None)

    if not widget.format().sampleBuffers():
        QMessageBox.information(None, "OpenGL using samplebuffers",
                "This system does not have sample buffer support.")
        sys.exit(0)

    widget.resize(640, 480)
    widget.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Python Qt5 : QtSql with QSQLITE example.

Today I will show you how to deal with QtSql and QSQLITE and show a table into an MDI (Multiple Document Interface) application.
First I create tree scripts named:

• PyQt5_connection.py - create a memory database and add value into table;
• PyQt5_view.py - create a model for the table;
• PyQt5_show.py - show the MDI application with the model table database;

The source code is commented and is simple to understand.
Let's see this python scripts:
First is PyQt5_connection.py:

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtSql
from PyQt5.QtSql import *

def createConnection():
    db = QtSql.QSqlDatabase.addDatabase("QSQLITE")
    db.setDatabaseName(":memory:")
    if not db.open():
        QtWidgets.QMessageBox.critical(None, "Cannot open memory database",
                             "Unable to establish a database connection.\n\n"
                             "Click Cancel to exit.", QtWidgets.QMessageBox.Cancel)
        return False
    query = QtSql.QSqlQuery()
    #print (os.listdir("."))
    query.exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Websites")
    query.exec("CREATE TABLE Websites (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, " +     "website VARCHAR(20))")
    query.exec("INSERT INTO Websites (website) VALUES('python-catalin.blogspot.com')")
    query.exec("INSERT INTO Websites (website) VALUES('catalin-festila.blogspot.com')")
    query.exec("INSERT INTO Websites (website) VALUES('free-tutorials.org')")
    query.exec("INSERT INTO Websites (website) VALUES('graphic-3d.blogspot.com')")
    query.exec("INSERT INTO Websites (website) VALUES('pygame-catalin.blogspot.com')")
    return True

The next is the PyQt5_view.py python script with the model of the table from database:

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtSql

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtSql

class WebsitesWidget(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(WebsitesWidget, self).__init__(parent)
 # this layout_box can be used if you need more widgets 
 # I used just one named WebsitesWidget
        layout_box = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
 #
        my_view = QtWidgets.QTableView()
 # put viwe in layout_box area
        layout_box.addWidget(my_view)
 # create a table model
        my_model = QtSql.QSqlTableModel(self)
        my_model.setTable("Websites")
        my_model.select()
 #show the view with model  
        my_view.setModel(my_model)
        my_view.setItemDelegate(QtSql.QSqlRelationalDelegate(my_view))

The last python script named PyQt5_show.py will create the MDI application and will show databese table:

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtSql
from PyQt5_connection import createConnection
# this will import any classes from PyQt5_view script
from PyQt5_view import WebsitesWidget

class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)

        self.MDI = QtWidgets.QMdiArea()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.MDI)

        SubWindow1 = QtWidgets.QMdiSubWindow()
        SubWindow1.setWidget(WebsitesWidget())
        self.MDI.addSubWindow(SubWindow1)
        SubWindow1.show()
 # you can add more widgest 
        #SubWindow2 = QtWidgets.QMdiSubWindow()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    if not createConnection():
        print("not connect")
        sys.exit(-1)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

This is the result of the running PyQt5_show.py python script:

Python Qt5 : QtWebEngine example.

The QtWebEngine is the new web rendering engine that is planned to replace QtWebKit in Qt.
The official website tells us:
QtWebEngineWidgets or QtWebEngine libraries, depending on application type
Let's test this web rendering engine with a simple source code:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
# use the QtWebEngineWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *
# start my_app
my_app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# open webpage
my_web = QWebEngineView()
my_web.load(QUrl("http://free-tutorials.org"))
my_web.show()
# sys exit function
sys.exit(my_app.exec_())

The output of this running source code.

Python Qt5 : MP3 player example.

This tutorial with PyQt5 will allow us to play an MP3 file using QtMultimedia.
I used a test.mp3 file in the same folder with my python script.
This is the source script:

import sys

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtMultimedia

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    filename = 'test.mp3'
    fullpath = QtCore.QDir.current().absoluteFilePath(filename) 
    media = QtCore.QUrl.fromLocalFile(fullpath)
    content = QtMultimedia.QMediaContent(media)
    player = QtMultimedia.QMediaPlayer()
    player.setMedia(content)
    player.play()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Python Qt5 : Webcam example.

Today I come with another source code.
This example uses QtMultimedia to create use of the webcam.
The source code follows the steps from finding, set and use a webcam.

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtMultimedia import *
from PyQt5.QtMultimediaWidgets import *

import os
import sys

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.online_webcams = QCameraInfo.availableCameras()
        if not self.online_webcams:
            pass #quit
        self.exist = QCameraViewfinder()
        self.exist.show()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.exist)

        # set the default webcam.
        self.get_webcam(0)
        self.setWindowTitle("WebCam")
        self.show()

    def get_webcam(self, i):
        self.my_webcam = QCamera(self.online_webcams[i])
        self.my_webcam.setViewfinder(self.exist)
        self.my_webcam.setCaptureMode(QCamera.CaptureStillImage)
        self.my_webcam.error.connect(lambda: self.alert(self.my_webcam.errorString()))
        self.my_webcam.start()

    def alert(self, s):
        """
        This handle errors and displaying alerts.
        """
        err = QErrorMessage(self)
        err.showMessage(s)


if __name__ == '__main__':

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("WebCam")

    window = MainWindow()
    app.exec_()

Python Qt5 : toolbar example.

This is a simple example with PyQt5 python module and python 3.6.4 version.
The example is about how to create a toolbar with PyQt5.
The base of this source code is the create a default window application.
I create a toolbar and I add an action to this toolbar.
The name of the toolbar is my_toolbar.
The action is named one_action.
This action is linked to a python function named action_one.
I add to my source code another function named alert.
This is good for debugging part to handle with errors and displaying alerts.
Let's see the source code:

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.status = QStatusBar()
        self.setStatusBar(self.status)
        my_toolbar = QToolBar("toolbar")
        my_toolbar.setIconSize(QSize(48, 48))
        self.addToolBar(my_toolbar)
        
        one_action = QAction(QIcon(), "Action one", self)        
        one_action.setStatusTip("Action one on toolbar")
        one_action.triggered.connect(self.action_one)
        my_toolbar.addAction(one_action)
        
        self.setWindowTitle("Window PyQt5 - 001")
        self.show()

    def action_one(self):
        print("Action one")

    def alert(self, s):
        """
        This handle errors and displaying alerts.
        """
        err = QErrorMessage(self)
        err.showMessage(s)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("Window PyQt5 - 001")

    window = MainWindow()
    app.exec_()

OpenGL and OpenCV with python 2.7 - part 006.

Today I deal with a simple example about how to use your webcam like a python module.
This will allow you to make your python module for your webcam.
My reason was to make a good webcam module to work with python modules like OpenCV and OpenGL and webcam devices.
The source code is simple and has just three functions: start, _update_frame and get_current_frame.
You can make more functions into this python module named webcam.

import cv2
from threading import Thread
  
class webcam:
  
    def __init__(self):
        self.video_capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
        self.current_frame = self.video_capture.read()[1]
          
    # create thread for capturing images
    def start(self):
        Thread(target=self._update_frame, args=()).start()
  
    def _update_frame(self):
        while(True):
            self.current_frame = self.video_capture.read()[1]
                  
    # get the current frame
    def get_current_frame(self):
        return self.current_frame

I make also a python script to test this python module:

from webcam import webcam
import cv2
 
dir(webcam)
cam = webcam()
cam.start()
 
while True:
     
    # get image from webcam
    image = cam.get_current_frame()

The shutil python module.

The shutil module helps you to accomplish tasks, such as: copying, moving, or removing directory trees.
This python script creates a zip file in the current directory containing all contents of dir and then clears dir.

import shutil
from os import makedirs

def zip(out_fileName, dir):
shutil.make_archive(str(out_fileName), 'zip', dir)
shutil.rmtree(dir)
makedirs(dir[:-1])

The scapy python module - part 002.

This is another python tutorial about scapy python module.
The last was made on Linux and now I used Windows 10 OS.
Let's install this python module with python version 2.7.13 and pip.

C:\>cd Python27

C:\Python27>cd Scripts

C:\Python27\Scripts>pip install scapy
Collecting scapy
  Downloading scapy-2.3.3.tgz (1.4MB)
    100% |################################| 1.4MB 736kB/s
  In the tar file c:\users\mythcat\appdata\local\temp\pip-26vi9x-unpack\scapy-2.3.3.tgz 
the member scapy-2.3.3/README is invalid: unable to resolve link inside archive
Installing collected packages: scapy
  Running setup.py install for scapy ... done
Successfully installed scapy-2.3.3

The next step is to deal with

C:\Python27\Scripts>python
Python 2.7.13 (v2.7.13:a06454b1afa1, Dec 17 2016, 20:42:59) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import scapy
>>> from scapy import *
>>> dir(scapy)
['VERSION', '_SCAPY_PKG_DIR', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__',
 '__path__', '_version', '_version_from_git_describe', 'base_classes', 'config', 'dadict', 'data',
 'error', 'os', 'plist', 'pton_ntop', 're', 'subprocess', 'supersocket', 'themes', 'utils', 
'with_statement']

This is not working on WINDOWS

Using PyUSB with python 3.x .

C:\Python34\Scripts>pip3.4.exe install PyUSB
Downloading/unpacking PyUSB
  Running setup.py (path:C:\Users\mythcat\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_mythcat\PyUSB\setup.py) 
egg_info for package PyUSB

Installing collected packages: PyUSB
  Running setup.py install for PyUSB

Successfully installed PyUSB
Cleaning up...

Now you need to install this filter from here.
If not, you can get errors like this: raise NoBackendError('No backend available')
usb.core.NoBackendError: No backend available
Let's make a simple test example:

import usb.core
import usb.util
import sys

class find_class(object):
    def __init__(self, class_):
        self._class = class_
    def __call__(self, device):
        # first, let's check the device
        if device.bDeviceClass == self._class:
            return True
        # ok, transverse all devices to find an
        # interface that matches our class
        for cfg in device:
            # find_descriptor: what's it?
            intf = usb.util.find_descriptor(
                                        cfg,
                                        bInterfaceClass=self._class
                                )
            if intf is not None:
                return True

        return False

all = usb.core.find(find_all=1, custom_match=find_class(7))
print (all)

And show the result:

C:\Python34>python.exe usb_devs.py
< generator 0x0000000003d8d5e8="" at="" device_iter="" object="" >

The ansible python module - part 001.

Ansible is an IT automation tool.
It can configure systems, deploy software, and orchestrate more advanced IT tasks such as continuous deployments or zero downtime rolling updates.
First, you need to install the VCForPython27.
Install now the pycrypto python module:

C:\Python27\Scripts>pip install  --upgrade  --trusted-host  pypi.python.org pycrypto
Collecting pycrypto
  Downloading pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz (446kB)
    100% |################################| 450kB 3.8MB/s
Installing collected packages: pycrypto
  Running setup.py install for pycrypto ... done
Successfully installed pycrypto-2.6.1

C:\Python27\Scripts>pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org ansible
Collecting ansible
Downloading ansible-2.3.0.0.tar.gz (4.3MB)
100% |################################| 4.3MB 365kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: jinja2 in c:\python27\lib\site-packages (from ansible)
Collecting PyYAML (from ansible)
...
Installing collected packages: ansible
  Running setup.py install for ansible ... done
Successfully installed ansible-2.3.0.0

Programmer's Notepad - free editor with PyPN python module.

Programmer's Notepad is a free, open source, text editor with special features for coders.
This editor comes with a variety of text clips representing common programming languages.
I saw 43 of text clips to start your programming.
Featuring
Syntax highlighting
Text Clips for simple text insertion
Code folding / outlining
Flexible Regular Expression support
Code navigation using Ctags
Projects for navigating large code bases
Extend using Python or C++
For example, if you start with the HTML then every tag will autocomplete with the end tag.
You can install the PyPN python module and used with this editor:

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install PyPN
Collecting PyPN
...
Installing collected packages: PyPN
Successfully installed PyPN-0.9

More about PyPN module can be found here.
You can donate to support the project.

Python 2.7 : Python geocoding without key.

Today I will come with a simple example about geocoding.
I used JSON and requests python modules and python version 2.7.
About geocoding I use this service provide by datasciencetoolkit.
You can use this service free and you don't need to register to get a key.
Let's see the python script:

import requests
import json

url = u'http://www.datasciencetoolkit.org/maps/api/geocode/json'
par = {
    u'sensor': False,
    u'address': u'London'
}

my = requests.get(
    url,
    par
)
json_out = json.loads(my.text)

if json_out['status'] == 'OK':
    print([r['geometry']['location'] for r in json_out['results']])

I run this script and I test with google map to see if this works well.
This is output and working well with the geocoding service:

Python 3.6.4 : Test Django version 2.1.1 on Windows O.S.

I used the python version 3.6.4 to test the last Django framework version.
Add your python to the path environment variable under Windows O.S.
Create your working folder:

C:\Python364>mkdir mywebsite

Go to the folder to install all you need:

C:\Python364>cd mywebsite

Use a virtual environment using the virtualenv command:

C:\Python364\mywebsite>python -m venv myvenv
C:\Python364\mywebsite>myvenv\Scripts\activate
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite>python -m pip install --upgrade pip
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite>pip3.6 install django
Collecting django
...

If you try to run again this command you will see the version of Django:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite>pip3.6 install django
Requirement already satisfied: django in c:\python364\mywebsite\myvenv\lib\
site-packages (2.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in c:\python364\mywebsite\myvenv\lib\
site-packages (from django) (2018.5)

You need to run the django-admin command:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite>cd myvenv
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv>cd Scripts
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts>django-admin.exe startproject mysite
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts>dir my*
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts>cd mysite
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite&

Make a change to settings file:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>cd mysite
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\mysite>notepad settings.py

Change UTC timezone:

TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Paris'

Change host:

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['192.168.0.185','mysite.com']

The next step is to use these commands:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\mysite>cd ..
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

Let's try these steps with the browser:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py runserver
 192.168.0.185:8080
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
September 07, 2018 - 16:30:13
Django version 2.1.1, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://192.168.0.185:8080/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
[07/Sep/2018 16:30:16] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 16348
[07/Sep/2018 16:30:21] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 16348

This is the result:

Let's start Django application named myblog and add to settings.py :

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py startapp
myblog

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>dir
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>cd mysite
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\mysite>notepad settings.py

Search into settings.py this line and add 'myblog' and comma after, see:

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myblog',
]

Let's change models.py from myblog folder:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\mysite>cd ..
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>cd myblog
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\myblog>notepad models.py

Add this source code:

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Post(models.Model):
 author = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
 text = models.TextField()
 create_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
 published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
 
 def publish(self):
  self.publish_date = timezone.now()
  self.save()
 def __str__(self):
  return self.title

Go and run this command manage.py for model Post with makemigrations myblog and migrate myblog :

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\myblog>cd ..
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py 
makemigrations myblog
Migrations for 'myblog':
  myblog\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Post
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py migrate 
myblog
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: myblog
Running migrations:
  Applying myblog.0001_initial... OK

Add this source code to admin.py from myblog folder:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>cd myblog
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\myblog>notepad admin.py

Let's test again:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite\myblog>cd ..
(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py runserver
 192.168.0.185:8080
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
September 07, 2018 - 17:19:00
Django version 2.1.1, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://192.168.0.185:8080/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

Check the admin interface with add admin word to link, see: http://192.168.0.185:8080/admin

If you see some errors this will be fixed later.
Let's make a superuser with this command:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py 
createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'catafest'): catafest
Email address: catafest@yahoo.com
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully.

Run again this command and log in with your user and password:

(myvenv) C:\Python364\mywebsite\myvenv\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py runserver
 192.168.0.185:8080

This is the result of users and posts.

Click on the Add button from Posts to add your post.
The result is this:

I don't make settings for URL and view.
This will be changed by users.

PyOpenGL: Fix Attempt to call an undefined function glutInit .

This tutorial is about how to fix this error using Python version 3.6.4 :

OpenGL.error.NullFunctionError: Attempt to call an undefined function glutInit,
check for bool(glutInit) before calling

First I start with a common pip3.6 install.

Scripts>pip3.6.exe install PyOpenGL
Collecting PyOpenGL
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9c/1d/4544708aaa89f26c97cc
09450bb333a23724a320923e74d73e028b3560f9/PyOpenGL-3.1.0.tar.gz (1.2MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.2MB 1.2MB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: PyOpenGL
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for PyOpenGL ... done
  Stored in directory: C:\Users\catafest\AppData\Local\pip\Cache\wheels\6c\00\7f
\1dd736f380848720ad79a1a1de5272e0d3f79c15a42968fb58
Successfully built PyOpenGL
Installing collected packages: PyOpenGL
Successfully installed PyOpenGL-3.1.0

When I run my python script code I got this error:

c:\Python364\Scripts>cd ..
c:\Python364>python.exe opengl_001.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "opengl_001.py", line 182, in 
    StereoDepth().main()
  File "opengl_001.py", line 173, in main
    glutInit()
  File "c:\Python364\lib\site-packages\OpenGL\GLUT\special.py", line 333, in glu
tInit
    _base_glutInit( ctypes.byref(count), holder )
  File "c:\Python364\lib\site-packages\OpenGL\platform\baseplatform.py", line 40
7, in __call__
    self.__name__, self.__name__,
OpenGL.error.NullFunctionError: Attempt to call an undefined function glutInit,
check for bool(glutInit) before calling

I use the whl files from here.

c:\Python364>cd Scripts

c:\Python364\Scripts>pip3.6.exe install PyOpenGL-3.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
Processing c:\python364\scripts\pyopengl-3.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: PyOpenGL
  Found existing installation: PyOpenGL 3.1.0
    Uninstalling PyOpenGL-3.1.0:
      Successfully uninstalled PyOpenGL-3.1.0
Successfully installed PyOpenGL-3.1.2

c:\Python364\Scripts>pip3.6.exe install PyOpenGL_accelerate-3.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win
_amd64.whl
Processing c:\python364\scripts\pyopengl_accelerate-3.1.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.w
hl
Installing collected packages: PyOpenGL-accelerate
Successfully installed PyOpenGL-accelerate-3.1.2

This allow me to run well the python script with PyOpenGL python module.
This is result of shader stereo depth image:

Python 3.6.4 : Microsoft Azure - bad answer .

The Azure from Microsoft comes with the free account and $200 credit to explore services for 30 days.
I only have 7 days left from this free account.
During this time I tried to use it from scratch.
In this short tutorial, I will talk about this period,
First I used the python version 3.6.4 and the Azure development tools.
These are the links I follow:

• start with the free account
• read the example from azure
• my old post about azure and python

I install the azure for python with :

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install azure

You can use a preview version of this package, which you can access using the --pre flag:

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install --pre azure

I used the example from azure:

git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/storage-blobs-python-quickstart.git

Into azure account, I create a storage account named pythonazure.

You can configure the Access control (IAM) to use with your account.
This storage account needs to use keys, see Access keys area.
They tell us about this feature:
Use access keys to authenticate your applications when making requests to this Azure storage account. Store your access keys securely - for example, using Azure Key Vault - and don't share them. We recommend regenerating your access keys regularly. You are provided two access keys so that you can maintain connections using one key while regenerating the other.
I change the account name with pythonazure and account_key with my account key.
The result is this:

In view of my previous experiences with Google, Firebase and Azure on the ease of assimilation and understanding of the content and the time allocated to making a simple task according to the Azure documentation, then azure get the last place.
In azure services, we can see the errors that occur and which are non-existent on google or firebase.

I was interested in ease and fast access to python cloud services. However, you can read this point of view written by google here.

Python 3.6.4 : Trying to use the python azurure on the windows.

In this tutorial, I used the python version 3.6.4 and Windows 8.1 OS.
You can start with pip install tool for some azure modules:
Install the latest Batch runtime library

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install azure-batch 

This will install the latest Storage management library

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install azure-mgmt-scheduler 

Will install only the latest compute installed using the --pre flag:

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install --pre azure-mgmt-compute 

Finally the storage I used into this tutorial:

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install azure-storage --upgrade

You can install all of the azure python modules:

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install --pre azure
...
Installing collected packages: azure-storage-nspkg, azure-storage-common, azure-
storage-queue, azure-servicebus, azure-servicefabric, azure-storage-file, azure-
servicemanagement-legacy, azure-mgmt-consumption, azure-mgmt-media, azure-mgmt-d
ns, azure-mgmt-search, azure-mgmt-cdn, azure-mgmt-compute, azure-mgmt-eventhub,
azure-mgmt-containerinstance, azure-mgmt-datalake-nspkg, azure-mgmt-datalake-ana
lytics, azure-mgmt-recoveryservices, azure-mgmt-authorization, azure-mgmt-adviso
r, azure-mgmt-recoveryservicesbackup, azure-mgmt-billing, azure-mgmt-devtestlabs
, azure-mgmt-network, azure-mgmt-web, azure-mgmt-applicationinsights, azure-mgmt
-cognitiveservices, azure-mgmt-rdbms, azure-mgmt-monitor, azure-mgmt-reservation
s, azure-mgmt-notificationhubs, azure-mgmt-loganalytics, azure-mgmt-logic, azure
-mgmt-iothubprovisioningservices, azure-mgmt-marketplaceordering, azure-mgmt-res
ource, azure-mgmt-scheduler, azure-mgmt-powerbiembedded, azure-mgmt-servicefabri
c, azure-mgmt-commerce, azure-mgmt-sql, azure-mgmt-cosmosdb, azure-mgmt-relay, a
zure-mgmt-storage, azure-mgmt-redis, azure-mgmt-managementpartner, azure-mgmt-tr
afficmanager, azure-mgmt-machinelearningcompute, azure-mgmt-datafactory, azure-m
gmt-hanaonazure, azure-mgmt-iothub, azure-mgmt-servermanager, azure-mgmt-batch,
azure-mgmt-keyvault, azure-mgmt-subscription, azure-mgmt-eventgrid, azure-mgmt-s
ervicebus, azure-mgmt-batchai, azure-mgmt-containerservice, azure-mgmt-container
registry, azure-mgmt-msi, azure-mgmt-datalake-store, azure-mgmt, azure-datalake-
store, azure-eventgrid, azure-keyvault, azure-cosmosdb-nspkg, futures, azure-cos
mosdb-table, azure-graphrbac, azure-storage-blob, azure

I tested with all azure python modules, but you can use just you need.
The next step is to open the Azure account - I have a trial free account.
I create a Resource Group named python-azure and a Storage account named pythonazure.
Into pythonazure I add the Files service and I upload an HTML file named default.html .
See the next images with the steps I make:
Let's make one simple test:

C:\Python364\Scripts>python
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48eceb, Dec 19 2017, 06:54:40) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from azure.common.credentials import UserPassCredentials
>>> from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
>>> from azure.mgmt.storage import StorageManagementClient
>>> from azure.storage import CloudStorageAccount
>>> from azure.storage.blob.models import ContentSettings, PublicAccess
>>> 

I have not been able to authenticate myself with a python script in Azure.
I found some inconsistencies and issues on GitHub so I still have to document.

Any help in this regard is welcome.

Python 3.6.4 : Using python client with blogger API .

I used a new project into console cloud google.
I used the google-api-python-client from here with OAuth service.
You need to create a project and add the blogger API to use it.
For credentials, I used OAuth with the JSON file from google.
This is the source code:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import print_function

__author__ = 'Catalin George Festila ( catafest , mythcat )'

import sys

from oauth2client import client
from googleapiclient import sample_tools


def main(argv):
  # Authenticate and construct service.
  service, flags = sample_tools.init(
      argv, 'blogger', 'v3', __doc__, __file__,
      scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/blogger')

  try:

      users = service.users()

      # Retrieve this user's profile information
      thisuser = users.get(userId='self').execute()
      print('This user\'s display name is: %s' % thisuser['displayName'])

      blogs = service.blogs()

      # Retrieve the list of Blogs this user has write privileges on
      thisusersblogs = blogs.listByUser(userId='self').execute()
      for blog in thisusersblogs['items']:
        print('The blog named \'%s\' is at: %s' % (blog['name'], blog['url']))

      posts = service.posts()

      # List the posts for each blog this user has
      for blog in thisusersblogs['items']:
        print('The posts for %s:' % blog['name'])
        request = posts.list(blogId=blog['id'])
        while request != None:
          posts_doc = request.execute()
          if 'items' in posts_doc and not (posts_doc['items'] is None):
            for post in posts_doc['items']:
              print('  %s (%s)' % (post['title'], post['url']))
          request = posts.list_next(request, posts_doc)

  except client.AccessTokenRefreshError:
    print ('The credentials have been revoked or expired, please re-run'
      'the application to re-authorize')

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main(sys.argv)

The content of the folder project named google_api_python.

c:\Python364\google_api_python>dir
06/24/2018  08:27 PM             1,096 blogger.dat
06/24/2018  07:49 PM             2,599 blogger.py
06/24/2018  08:24 PM               309 client_secrets.json
06/24/2018  08:26 PM                76 debug.log
               4 File(s)          4,080 bytes
               2 Dir(s)  201,382,006,784 bytes free

You need to add the client_id and client_secret from google project into file client_secrets.json.
Run the python script:

c:\Python364\google_api_python>python.exe blogger.py

The google will ask you about the authentification and will run the script:

Google show us all the infos about this project into dashboard:

Python 3.6.4 : The qrcode python module .

This python module named qrcode is a suite of tools to Generate QR codes.
Let's start the tutorial with the install steep :

c:\Python364\Scripts>pip install qrcode[pil]
Collecting qrcode[pil]
... 
Successfully installed qrcode-6.0 

Let's see the output for dir:

>>> import qrcode
>>> from qrcode import *
>>> dir(qrcode)
['ERROR_CORRECT_H', 'ERROR_CORRECT_L', 'ERROR_CORRECT_M', 'ERROR_CORRECT_Q', 'LU
T', 'QRCode', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
 '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', 'base', 'constants', 'except
ions', 'image', 'main', 'make', 'run_example', 'util']
>>> dir(qrcode.util)
['ALPHA_NUM', 'BCH_digit', 'BCH_type_info', 'BCH_type_number', 'BIT_LIMIT_TABLE'
, 'BitBuffer', 'G15', 'G15_MASK', 'G18', 'LUT', 'MODE_8BIT_BYTE', 'MODE_ALPHA_NU
M', 'MODE_KANJI', 'MODE_NUMBER', 'MODE_SIZE_LARGE', 'MODE_SIZE_MEDIUM', 'MODE_SI
ZE_SMALL', 'NUMBER_LENGTH', 'PAD0', 'PAD1', 'PATTERN_POSITION_TABLE', 'QRData',
'RE_ALPHA_NUM', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__
', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_data_count', '_lost_point_level1', '
_lost_point_level2', '_lost_point_level3', '_lost_point_level4', '_optimal_split
', 'base', 'create_bytes', 'create_data', 'exceptions', 'length_in_bits', 'lost_
point', 'mask_func', 'math', 'mode_sizes_for_version', 'optimal_data_chunks', 'o
ptimal_mode', 'pattern_position', 're', 'six', 'to_bytestring', 'xrange']
>>> dir(qrcode.image)
['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
'__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', 'base']
>>> dir(qrcode.run_example)
['__annotations__', '__call__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defau
lts__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__',
 '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__globals__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '
__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__kwdefaults__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module_
_', '__name__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__qualname__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex_
_', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']
>>> 

This is the test python script I used to test this python module:

import qrcode
from  qrcode import *
qr = qrcode.QRCode(
    version=1,
    error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L,
    box_size=10,
    border=4,
)
qr.add_data('https://python-catalin.blogspot.com/')
qr.make(fit=True)

img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
with open('my_qr_test.png', 'wb') as qrfile:
    img.save(qrfile)

This is the output of QR file:

Blender 3D and Roblox with Python .

I spend my free time with my son playing Roblox and in the meantime, I try to introduce him to the world of computers.
However, you can download the player as a 3D object and use it as an avatar.
Here's an issue: The 3D object is hard to set with origins for animation but python and Blender 3D can easily solve this.
You can use BMesh.
As you know:
BMesh is the new Blender mesh system in 2.63, with full support for N-sided polygons instead of only triangles and quads.
The result of this download 3D object has a bad origin:

Let's see the source code:

import bpy
import bmesh
import mathutils 
from mathutils import Vector

context = bpy.context

def origin_to_bottom(obj):
    matrix_world = obj.matrix_world
    local_verts = [Vector(v[:]) for v in obj.bound_box]
    blender_mesh = blender_meshesh.new()
    blender_mesh.from_mesh(obj.data)
    x, y, z = 0, 0, 0
    l = len(local_verts)
    z = min([v.z for v in local_verts])
    local_origin = Vector((0, 0, 0))
    global_origin = matrix_world * local_origin
    for v in blender_mesh.verts:
        v.coord = v.coord - local_origin
    blender_mesh.to_mesh(obj.data)
    matrix_world.translation = global_origin

mesh_objs = [mesh_object for mesh_object in context.selected_objects if mesh_object.type == 'MESH']
bpy.ops.object.origin_set(type='ORIGIN_GEOMETRY')

for my_objects in mesh_objs:
    origin_to_bottom(my_objects)

The result is this:

Python 3.6.4 : Testing OpenCV default Hough Line Transform.

This tutorial is about Hough Line Transform and OpenCV python module.
This can be a good example for Hough Line Transform.
See the source code:

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('test_lines.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# filter black and gray pixels
thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 100, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)[1]

# find lines
lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(thresh, 1, np.pi/180,360,18)

# output lines onto image
for line in lines:
    x1,y1,x2,y2 = line[0]
    cv2.line(img,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(255,255,0),2)

# show image
cv2.imshow('threshold houghlines', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

This is the result for test_lines.jpg .

You can test by make changes into this line of code:

lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(thresh, 1, np.pi/180,360,18)

According to documentation, the changes are influenced by the range parameters.

Python 3.6.4 : Testing the wit python module .

Today I tested the wit python module.
This python module is a Python library for Wit.ai
You can use for this issues:

• Bots
• Mobile apps
• Home automation
• Wearable devices
• Robots

These support languages like:
Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Burmese, Catalan, Central Khmer, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Georgian, German, Greek, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Inuktitut, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Kinyarwanda, Korean, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Maori, Mongolian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Southern Ndebele, Southern Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Swati, Swedish, Tagalog, Tamil, Thai, Tsonga, Tswana, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uzbek, Venda, Vietnamese, Xhosa, Yoruba and Zulu.
About Wit is free, including for commercial use. So both private and public Wit apps are free and are governed our terms.
For this tutorial I use python 3.6.4, see :

C:\Python364>python.exe
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48eceb, Dec 19 2017, 06:54:40) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

The install of wit python module is simple:

C:\Python364>cd Scripts

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install wit
Collecting wit
...
Successfully built wit
Installing collected packages: wit
Successfully installed wit-5.1.0

C:\Python364\Scripts>python
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48eceb, Dec 19 2017, 06:54:40) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from wit import Wit
>>> w=Wit('3ODKKNB---------')
>>> w.message('Python este un limbaj de programare')
{'_text': 'Python este un limbaj de programare', 'entities': {}, 'msg_id': '0pNT
QXn87P3MYvqmR'}
>>> dir(w)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__form
at__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_s
ubclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclas
shook__', '__weakref__', '_sessions', 'access_token', 'interactive', 'logger', '
message', 'speech']
>>> file = open('C:\Python364\hello_world.wav', 'rb')
>>> w.speech(file)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "C:\Python364\lib\site-packages\wit\wit.py", line 88, in speech
    data=audio_file, headers=headers)
  File "C:\Python364\lib\site-packages\wit\wit.py", line 41, in req
    ' (' + rsp.reason + ')')
wit.wit.WitError: Wit responded with status: 400 (Bad Request)

The error has an open issue.
It does not seem to work properly.
There are some open issues for this python module.
The examples on the internet are not very concise with how to use this python module.

Python Qt5 : menu example.

This simple tutorial is about PyQt5 and menu window example.
I have a similar example with Qt4 on this blog.
The main reason for this tutorial comes from the idea of simplicity and reuse the source code from PyQt4 and PyQt5.
I do not know if there are significant changes to the Qt5 base IU. However, it is good to check on the official pages. Let's look at the example with comments specific to source code lines:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Thu Apr 26 17:20:02 2018

@author: catafest
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication, QDesktopWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Example(QMainWindow):
    #init the example class to draw the window application    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()    
        self.initUI()
    #create the def center to select the center of the screen         
    def center(self):
        # geometry of the main window
        qr = self.frameGeometry()
        # center point of screen
        cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
        # move rectangle's center point to screen's center point
        qr.moveCenter(cp)
        # top left of rectangle becomes top left of window centering it
        self.move(qr.topLeft())
    #create the init UI to draw the application
    def initUI(self):               
        #create the action for the exit application with shortcut and icon
        #you can add new action for File menu and any actions you need
        exitAct = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '&Exit', self)        
        exitAct.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitAct.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitAct.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
        #create the status bar for menu 
        self.statusBar()
        #create the menu with the text File , add the exit action 
        #you can add many items on menu with actions for each item
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
        fileMenu.addAction(exitAct)
        #resize the window application 
        self.resize(640, 480)
        #draw on center of the screen 
        self.center()
        #add title on windows application 
        self.setWindowTitle('Simple menu')
        #show the application
        self.show()
        #close the UI class
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #create the application 
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    #use the UI with new  class
    ex = Example()
    #run the UI 
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

The result of this code is this:

The jdoodle online tool for python 3.

This online tool from jdoodle website lets you to programming online with python 3 version.
To see all python modules used by this editor just add this python script and use Execute button.

import sys
import os 
print(help('modules'))

Python 3.6.4 : Testing PyQt5 with Spyder I.D.E.

Today I tested the PyQt5 python module with python version 3.6.4.
The script was created and tested with Spyder I.D.E. version 3.2.8.
The PyQt5 version is:

from PyQt5.Qt import PYQT_VERSION_STR
print("PyQt version:", PYQT_VERSION_STR)
PyQt version: 5.9.2

This is the python script:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QCalendarWidget,
    QLabel, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtCore import QDate
 
class Calendar(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
 
    def initUI(self):
        calendar = QCalendarWidget(self)
        calendar.setGridVisible(True)
        calendar.move(0, 15)
        calendar.clicked[QDate].connect(self.showDate)
        calendar.currentPageChanged[int, int].connect(self.currentPageChanged)
 
        self.lbl = QLabel(self)
        date = calendar.selectedDate()
        self.lbl.setText(date.toString())
        self.lbl.move(0, 0)
 
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 300)
        self.setWindowTitle('Calendar')
        self.show()
 
    def showDate(self, date):
        self.lbl.setText(date.toString())
 
    def currentPageChanged(self, year, month):
        print(year, month)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    calendar_test = Calendar()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

The result of this script is:

The Google Cloud SDK - part 003 .

The webapp2 is a lightweight Python web framework compatible with Google App Engine’s.
The webapp2 project, by Rodrigo Moraes, started as a fork of the App Engine web app framework.
The webapp2 includes a number of features such as improved support for URI routing, session management and localization.
You can see google documentation about this python module this link.
They say:
"webapp2 is compatible with the WSGI standard for Python web applications. You don't have to use webapp2 to write Python applications for App Engine. Other web application frameworks, such as Django, work with App Engine, and App Engine supports any Python code that uses the CGI standard. "
This is default start python example from Google Cloud SDK tested in the last tutorial.

import webapp2

class MainPage(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
        self.response.write('Hello, World!')

app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
    ('/', MainPage),
], debug=True)

Remember how to deploy your project to google:

C:\Python27>cd python-docs-samples\appengine\standard\hello_world

C:\Python27\python-docs-samples\appengine\standard\hello_world>gcloud app deploy app.yaml
Services to deploy:

descriptor:      [C:\Python27\python-docs-samples\appengine\standard\hello_world\app.yaml]
source:          [C:\Python27\python-docs-samples\appengine\standard\hello_world]
target project:  [xxxxxx]
target service:  [default]
target version:  [xxxxxxxxxxxxx]
target url:      [https://xxxxxx.appspot.com]


Do you want to continue (Y/n)?  y

Beginning deployment of service [default]...

Now I make some changes into main.py file to show you how easy is to use it.
This file: main.py is set into setting file app.yaml like the script: main.app.
Let's make some changes.

The default project is set with --promote true the result is: after a number of uploads you got this error:

ERROR: (gcloud.app.deploy) Error Response: [400] Your app may not have more than 15 versions.

Please delete one of the existing versions before trying to create a new version.
...

To fix go to App Engine - Versions with selected versions and press Delete button.
Then you can make the upload with the command :

gcloud app deploy app.yaml

Also, you can use this:

gcloud app deploy app.yaml --stop-previous-version

Some info about your project can be seen with this command:

gcloud config list

You can see the gcloud versions with:

gcloud version

I tested also with python version 3.6.4 :

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install webapp2
Requirement already satisfied: webapp2 in c:\python364\lib\site-packages
      2 python-dateutil-2.7.0 setuptools-39.0.0 

The regex online tool for python and any programming languages.

Today I tested this online tool.
Is a tool for a regular expression (regex or regexp for short) for many programming languages.
These programming languages are php, javascript, golang and python.
The tool is easy to use it.
First, you need to select the programming language that is used for regular expression.
The next step is to put the regular expression into the edit box and add your text to be parsed by this regular expression.
For example, if you use this inputs for a regular expression:
([a-zA-Z]+) \d+
and this text example:
March 7 1976, June 1, August 9, Dec 25
the result output will be this:
March , June , August , Dec

Python 3.6.4 : Testing OpenCV default GrabCut algorithm.

The main goal for me was to test the new install of python 3.6.4 and python modules with Windows operating system version 8.1.
For this tutorial, I chose these python modules: cv2, numpy and matplotlib .
I have tested the GrabCut algorithm article from here.
The article comes with a python script that includes the modules I tested in this programming language.
They tell us:
User inputs the rectangle. Everything outside this rectangle will be taken as sure background (That is the reason it is mentioned before that your rectangle should include all the objects). Everything inside rectangle is unknown. Similarly any user input specifying foreground and background are considered as hard-labelling which means they won't change in the process.
From my point of view, it is not a very successful algorithm to crop off the background but is working well.

import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

img = cv2.imread('test_python_opencv.jpg')
mask = np.zeros(img.shape[:2],np.uint8)

bgdModel = np.zeros((1,65),np.float64)
fgdModel = np.zeros((1,65),np.float64)

rect = (57,58,476,741)
cv2.grabCut(img,mask,rect,bgdModel,fgdModel,5,cv2.GC_INIT_WITH_RECT)

mask2 = np.where((mask==2)|(mask==0),0,1).astype('uint8')
img = img*mask2[:,:,np.newaxis]

plt.imshow(img),plt.colorbar(),plt.show()

The intersection areas are eliminated exactly as in the documentation.
See my first test on an image taken from the internet.

News: The Spyder IDE - new release .

Many python users use the Spyder IDE.
This IDE comes with many features and is easy to use, see Wikipedia page:
Spyder (formerly Pydee[3]) is an open-source cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) for scientific programming in the Python language. Spyder integrates NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib and IPython, as well as other open source software.[4][5] It is released under the MIT license.[6]
Six days ago, a release of this IDE with version 3.2.7 was announced.
This IDE can be download from GitHub page.

Use IMDB website with IMDbPY python module .

This python package is written in pure Python 3 to access the IMDb's database and used it.

You can read about this python module from GitHub docs webpage
The development team comes with this DISCLAIMER:
# DISCLAIMER

IMDbPY and the authors are not affiliated with Internet Movie Database Inc.

IMDb is a trademark of Internet Movie Database Inc. and all contents
and data included on the IMDb's site is the property of IMDb or its
content suppliers and protected by United States and international
copyright laws.

Please, read the IMDb's conditions of use in their website:
- http://www.imdb.com/conditions
- http://www.imdb.com/licensing
- any other notice in the http://www.imdb.com/ site.
First I start the install process with the pip tool:

C:\Python364\Scripts>pip install IMDbPY
Requirement already satisfied: IMDbPY in c:\python364\lib\site-packages
Requirement already satisfied: lxml in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: sqlalchemy-migrate in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: SQLAlchemy in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: pbr>=1.8 in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from sqlalchemy-migrate->IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: decorator in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from sqlalchemy-migrate->IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.7.0 in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from sqlalchemy-migrate->IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from sqlalchemy-migrate->IMDbPY)
Requirement already satisfied: Tempita>=0.4 in c:\python364\lib\site-packages (from sqlalchemy-migrate->IMDbPY)

This is my source code to test it and working well.

# start with IMDb python class
from imdb import IMDb
imd = IMDb('http')
print("-===-")
# search movies by title
# and show the long imdb canonical title and movieID of the results.
title = imd.search_movie("Under the Dome")
for item in title:
   print(item['long imdb canonical title'], item.movieID)
print("-===-")
# search for a person
for person in imd.search_person("Ana de Armas"):
    print(person.personID, person['name'])
print("-===-")
# get 5 movies tagged with a keyword
movies_keyword = imd.get_keyword('novel', results=5)
for item in movies_keyword:
   print(item['long imdb canonical title'], item.movieID)
print("-===-")
# get top 250  from top movies
top250 = imd.get_top250_movies()
for item in top250:
   print(item['long imdb canonical title'], item.movieID)
print("-===-")
print("top 250 -=> ")
# get bottom 100 from top movies
bottom100 = imd.get_bottom100_movies()
print("bottom 100 -=> ")
for item in top250:
   print(item['long imdb canonical title'], item.movieID)

Python 2.7 : Testing the pefile python module.

The pefile is a python module to read and work with PE (Portable Executable) files.
The install of this python module is very easy with the pip tool.
I tested the default example create with FASM to see if this is working well:
This is the source code:

; Example of 64-bit PE program
format PE64 GUI
entry start

section '.text' code readable executable

  start:
        sub     rsp,8*5         ; reserve stack for API use and make stack dqword aligned

        mov     r9d,0
        lea     r8,[_caption]
        lea     rdx,[_message]
        mov     rcx,0
        call    [MessageBoxA]

        mov     ecx,eax
        call    [ExitProcess]

section '.data' data readable writeable

  _caption db 'Win64 assembly program',0
  _message db 'Hello World!',0

section '.idata' import data readable writeable

  dd 0,0,0,RVA kernel_name,RVA kernel_table
  dd 0,0,0,RVA user_name,RVA user_table
  dd 0,0,0,0,0

  kernel_table:
    ExitProcess dq RVA _ExitProcess
    dq 0
  user_table:
    MessageBoxA dq RVA _MessageBoxA
    dq 0

  kernel_name db 'KERNEL32.DLL',0
  user_name db 'USER32.DLL',0

  _ExitProcess dw 0
    db 'ExitProcess',0
  _MessageBoxA dw 0
    db 'MessageBoxA',0  

The python script I used to test this python module is this:

import sys
from sys import argv
import mmap
import pefile

fp = open(argv[1],"r")
map = mmap.mmap(fp.fileno(),0,access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
pe = pefile.PE(data=map[:])
print pe

The output is this:
C:\Python27>python.exe pe.py PE64DEMO.EXE
----------Parsing Warnings----------

Byte 0x00 makes up 87.5488% of the file's contents. This may indicate truncation / malformation.

----------DOS_HEADER----------

[IMAGE_DOS_HEADER]
0x0 0x0 e_magic: 0x5A4D
0x2 0x2 e_cblp: 0x80
0x4 0x4 e_cp: 0x1
0x6 0x6 e_crlc: 0x0
0x8 0x8 e_cparhdr: 0x4
0xA 0xA e_minalloc: 0x10
0xC 0xC e_maxalloc: 0xFFFF
0xE 0xE e_ss: 0x0
0x10 0x10 e_sp: 0x140
0x12 0x12 e_csum: 0x0
0x14 0x14 e_ip: 0x0
0x16 0x16 e_cs: 0x0
0x18 0x18 e_lfarlc: 0x40
0x1A 0x1A e_ovno: 0x0
0x1C 0x1C e_res:
0x24 0x24 e_oemid: 0x0
0x26 0x26 e_oeminfo: 0x0
0x28 0x28 e_res2:
0x3C 0x3C e_lfanew: 0x80

----------NT_HEADERS----------

[IMAGE_NT_HEADERS]
0x80 0x0 Signature: 0x4550

----------FILE_HEADER----------

[IMAGE_FILE_HEADER]
0x84 0x0 Machine: 0x8664
0x86 0x2 NumberOfSections: 0x3
0x88 0x4 TimeDateStamp: 0x5A1954AF [Sat Nov 25 11:31:59 2017 UTC]
0x8C 0x8 PointerToSymbolTable: 0x0
0x90 0xC NumberOfSymbols: 0x0
0x94 0x10 SizeOfOptionalHeader: 0xF0
0x96 0x12 Characteristics: 0x2F
Flags: IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE, IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE, IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED, IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED, IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED

----------OPTIONAL_HEADER----------

[IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64]
0x98 0x0 Magic: 0x20B
0x9A 0x2 MajorLinkerVersion: 0x1
0x9B 0x3 MinorLinkerVersion: 0x49
0x9C 0x4 SizeOfCode: 0x200
0xA0 0x8 SizeOfInitializedData: 0x400
0xA4 0xC SizeOfUninitializedData: 0x0
0xA8 0x10 AddressOfEntryPoint: 0x1000
0xAC 0x14 BaseOfCode: 0x1000
0xB0 0x18 ImageBase: 0x400000
0xB8 0x20 SectionAlignment: 0x1000
0xBC 0x24 FileAlignment: 0x200
0xC0 0x28 MajorOperatingSystemVersion: 0x1
0xC2 0x2A MinorOperatingSystemVersion: 0x0
0xC4 0x2C MajorImageVersion: 0x0
0xC6 0x2E MinorImageVersion: 0x0
0xC8 0x30 MajorSubsystemVersion: 0x5
0xCA 0x32 MinorSubsystemVersion: 0x0
0xCC 0x34 Reserved1: 0x0
0xD0 0x38 SizeOfImage: 0x4000
0xD4 0x3C SizeOfHeaders: 0x200
0xD8 0x40 CheckSum: 0xECAF
0xDC 0x44 Subsystem: 0x2
0xDE 0x46 DllCharacteristics: 0x0
0xE0 0x48 SizeOfStackReserve: 0x1000
0xE8 0x50 SizeOfStackCommit: 0x1000
0xF0 0x58 SizeOfHeapReserve: 0x10000
0xF8 0x60 SizeOfHeapCommit: 0x0
0x100 0x68 LoaderFlags: 0x0
0x104 0x6C NumberOfRvaAndSizes: 0x10
DllCharacteristics:

----------PE Sections----------

[IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER]
0x188 0x0 Name: .text
0x190 0x8 Misc: 0x2D
0x190 0x8 Misc_PhysicalAddress: 0x2D
0x190 0x8 Misc_VirtualSize: 0x2D
0x194 0xC VirtualAddress: 0x1000
0x198 0x10 SizeOfRawData: 0x200
0x19C 0x14 PointerToRawData: 0x200
0x1A0 0x18 PointerToRelocations: 0x0
0x1A4 0x1C PointerToLinenumbers: 0x0
0x1A8 0x20 NumberOfRelocations: 0x0
0x1AA 0x22 NumberOfLinenumbers: 0x0
0x1AC 0x24 Characteristics: 0x60000020
Flags: IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE, IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE, IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ
Entropy: 0.540255 (Min=0.0, Max=8.0)
MD5 hash: 54edeb1437149ccc09183b623e3be7b8
SHA-1 hash: c473f3db5ca81084db3489ab3519832ded9cc28c
SHA-256 hash: 74e9ff7d6902292d9a8ad93174aef46596f8f1fe9eb5dd72b9ebc99f8bd2ecfb
SHA-512 hash: 070610baa66d6efcbb2cc7e935c2afd2686068818c00b772b3e62de103389cecbc6c309976e10860a974532a1018fba9da50effb64c60f533433dbb808ba088c

[IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER]
0x1B0 0x0 Name: .data
0x1B8 0x8 Misc: 0x24
0x1B8 0x8 Misc_PhysicalAddress: 0x24
0x1B8 0x8 Misc_VirtualSize: 0x24
0x1BC 0xC VirtualAddress: 0x2000
0x1C0 0x10 SizeOfRawData: 0x200
0x1C4 0x14 PointerToRawData: 0x400
0x1C8 0x18 PointerToRelocations: 0x0
0x1CC 0x1C PointerToLinenumbers: 0x0
0x1D0 0x20 NumberOfRelocations: 0x0
0x1D2 0x22 NumberOfLinenumbers: 0x0
0x1D4 0x24 Characteristics: 0xC0000040
Flags: IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA, IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ, IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE
Entropy: 0.627189 (Min=0.0, Max=8.0)
MD5 hash: 6684d4efed7dc864e5bbb0280faa841b
SHA-1 hash: 0214a59237a9020d3fa41419107a59f276a95e5f
SHA-256 hash: 23ae47e7bfb842935b35775428fe9c5df5c3f46fa46c2da2e93a27ba031ae091
SHA-512 hash: 60eeefcb47e1e63584342049a66d4539ab4b580190faf9d2629e0db1336933835c207e419060cce08cfec430e2f1e13a90cac7abfb05679ed5d84dac8997f12f

[IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER]
0x1D8 0x0 Name: .idata
0x1E0 0x8 Misc: 0x90
0x1E0 0x8 Misc_PhysicalAddress: 0x90
0x1E0 0x8 Misc_VirtualSize: 0x90
0x1E4 0xC VirtualAddress: 0x3000
0x1E8 0x10 SizeOfRawData: 0x200
0x1EC 0x14 PointerToRawData: 0x600
0x1F0 0x18 PointerToRelocations: 0x0
0x1F4 0x1C PointerToLinenumbers: 0x0
0x1F8 0x20 NumberOfRelocations: 0x0
0x1FA 0x22 NumberOfLinenumbers: 0x0
0x1FC 0x24 Characteristics: 0xC0000040
Flags: IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA, IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ, IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE
Entropy: 0.996929 (Min=0.0, Max=8.0)
MD5 hash: 073b9b0656f7ca77d968f183a1ceb909
SHA-1 hash: acefe438c7bfef7362b87519349c5a7b251aa43d
SHA-256 hash: 016761b2d3b31ed8eeddccc9f56e6338978171a0082c066cbf2b28cecd77566a
SHA-512 hash: a5fb7ace9108f63c96c9da239fc5077106cf3ffe8e31a1ab0a11b589a8e6af9e66d23c38060c157a3e34125bc5af495c770e48bc00172a5c8ec78b34794628b3

----------Directories----------

[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT]
0x108 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x10C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT]
0x110 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x3000
0x114 0x4 Size: 0x90
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE]
0x118 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x11C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION]
0x120 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x124 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY]
0x128 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x12C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC]
0x130 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x134 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG]
0x138 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x13C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COPYRIGHT]
0x140 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x144 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_GLOBALPTR]
0x148 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x14C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_TLS]
0x150 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x154 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG]
0x158 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x15C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT]
0x160 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x164 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT]
0x168 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x16C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT]
0x170 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x174 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR]
0x178 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x17C 0x4 Size: 0x0
[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESERVED]
0x180 0x0 VirtualAddress: 0x0
0x184 0x4 Size: 0x0

----------Imported symbols----------

[IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR]
0x600 0x0 OriginalFirstThunk: 0x0
0x600 0x0 Characteristics: 0x0
0x604 0x4 TimeDateStamp: 0x0 [Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 UTC]
0x608 0x8 ForwarderChain: 0x0
0x60C 0xC Name: 0x305C
0x610 0x10 FirstThunk: 0x303C

KERNEL32.DLL.ExitProcess Hint[0]

[IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR]
0x614 0x0 OriginalFirstThunk: 0x0
0x614 0x0 Characteristics: 0x0
0x618 0x4 TimeDateStamp: 0x0 [Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 UTC]
0x61C 0x8 ForwarderChain: 0x0
0x620 0xC Name: 0x3069
0x624 0x10 FirstThunk: 0x304C

USER32.DLL.MessageBoxA Hint[0]


The collections python module .

This module named collections implements some nice data structures which will help you to solve various real-life problems.
Let's start to see the content of this python module:

C:\Users\catafest>python

C:\Users\catafest>cd C:\Python27\

C:\Python27>python
Python 2.7 (r27:82525, Jul  4 2010, 07:43:08) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import collections
>>> from collections import *
>>> dir(collections)
['Callable', 'Container', 'Counter', 'Hashable', 'ItemsView', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'KeysView',
 'Mapping', 'MappingView', 'MutableMapping', 'MutableSequence', 'MutableSet', 'OrderedDict', 'Sequence',
 'Set', 'Sized', 'ValuesView', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__'
, '_abcoll', '_chain', '_eq', '_heapq', '_ifilter', '_imap', '_iskeyword', '_itemgetter', '_repeat', 
'_starmap', '_sys', 'defaultdict', 'deque', 'namedtuple']

Now I will tell you about some
First is Counter and is a direct subclass which helps to count hashable objects.
The elements are stored as dictionary keys and counts are stored as values which can be zero or negative.
Next is defaultdict and is a dictionary object which provides all methods provided by the dictionary.
This takes the first argument (default_factory) as default data type for the dictionary.
The namedtuple helps to have the meaning of each position in a tuple.
This allows us to code with better readability and self-documenting code.
Let's try some examples:

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> import re
>>> path = 'C:/yara_reg_rundll32.txt'
>>> output = re.findall('\w+', open(path).read().lower())
>>> Counter(output).most_common(5)
[('a', 2), ('nocase', 2), ('javascript', 2), ('b', 2), ('rundll32', 2)]
>>> 
>>> d = defaultdict(list)
>>> colors = [('yellow', 1), ('blue', 2), ('yellow', 3), ('blue', 4), ('red', 1)]
>>> for k, v in colors:
...     d[k].append(v)
...
>>> d.items()
[('blue', [2, 4]), ('red', [1]), ('yellow', [1, 3])]
>>> 
>>> Vertex = namedtuple('vertex', ['x', 'y'])
>>> v = Vertex(5,y = 9)
>>> v
vertex(x=5, y=9)
>>> v.x*v.y
45
>>> v[0]
5
>>> v[0]+v[1]
14
>>> x,y = v
>>> v
vertex(x=5, y=9)
>>> x
5
>>> y
9
>>>

The content of the yara_reg_rundll32.txt file is:
rule poweliks_rundll32_exe_javascript
{
meta:
description = "detect Poweliks' autorun rundll32.exe javascript:..."
string:
$a = "rundll32.exe" nocase
$b = "javascript" nocase
condition:
$a and $b
}
I used vertex variables into my example because can be used with Blender 3D.
You can see many examples at official documentation website.

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