News : Amazon free python audible audiobook.

Although Python programming language comes with many learning resources, you can find a lot of free audiobooks on Amazon.

You can try a free trial then you need to pay $14.95 a month after 30 days - cancel online anytime.

News : Python 3.12.0 release candidate 2 now available.

This new release comes with many improvements for developers.

Here are some of them.

Modules from the standard library are now potentially suggested as part of the error messages displayed by the interpreter ...

NameError: name 'sys' is not defined. Did you forget to import 'sys'?

• Many large and small performance improvements like - PEP 709;
• Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces;
• New type annotation syntax for generic classes - PEP 695;
• More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed - PEP 701;
• Support for the buffer protocol in Python code - PEP 688;
• A new debugging/profiling API - PEP 669;
• Support for isolated sub interpreters with separate Global Interpreter Locks - PEP 684;

All PEPs can be found on this GitHub project.

Python 3.11.4 : Issues in Fedora with PyGobject and sway-tests

Today I wanted to test this repo named sway-tests.

I followed the steps there and received an error from gi.repository.

This error is related to another issue related to PyGobject.

In Fedora Linux distro, installing PyGobject is done with pip like this:

$ pip install PyGobject

In order to have no errors, the dnf or dnf5 tool should be used like this ...

I tested the functionality of this installation with a simple example:

import gi

gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk

win = Gtk.Window()
win.connect("destroy", Gtk.main_quit)
win.show_all()
Gtk.main()

It worked very well.

After solving this issue, I returned to the initial one and tested the sway-tests.

$ whereis sway
$ env/bin/pytest --sway=/usr/bin/sway
$ sudo env/bin/pytest --sway=/usr/bin/sway

I used the command both with and without sudo.

Both generated the same errors.

For the following command I had to install ... xorg-x11-server-Xephyr:

Xephyr is an X server which has been implemented as an ordinary X application. It runs in a window just like other X applications, but it is an X server ...

... the fixed centered black window specific to the xorg runtime appeared and somewhere on the side the terminal showed me a bunch of errors.

... obviously, I don't know how well sway-tests is implemented, now it's an archived repo, but I solved the use of PyGobject in python on the Fedora linux distribution.

Python 3.11.0 : Use python to set your R application on shinyapps.io.

If you use the R programming language and shinyapps.io then you can use Python to set up your application.

I create my folder and I install the rsconnect-python python package.

mkdir rsconnect-python-001
cd rsconnect-python-001
pip install rsconnect-python --user
Collecting rsconnect-python

From the shinyapps webpage, I got my token and my secret for my account and I used this command:

rsconnect add --account catafest --name catafest --token YOUR_TOKEN --secret YOUR_SECRET

Detected the following inputs:
    name: COMMANDLINE
    insecure: DEFAULT
    account: COMMANDLINE
    token: COMMANDLINE
    secret: COMMANDLINE
Checking shinyapps.io credential...              [OK]
Added shinyapps.io credential "catafest".

You can see is set and working.

I used a simple R source code named app.r:

library(shiny)

# Definirea interfeței utilizatorului
ui <- fluidPage(
  titlePanel("Aplicație Shiny Simplă"),
  sidebarLayout(
    sidebarPanel(
      numericInput("num", "Introduceți un număr:", value = 1),
      actionButton("goButton", "Generează")
    ),
    mainPanel(
      textOutput("rezultat")
    )
  )
)

# Definirea serverului
server <- function(input, output) {
  observeEvent(input$goButton, {
    num <- input$num
    output$rezultat <- renderText({
      paste("Numărul introdus este:", num)
    })
  })
}

# Crearea aplicației Shiny
shinyApp(ui, server)

The app.py file has this source code:

import dash
import dash_core_components as dcc
import dash_html_components as html
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output

# Creați o aplicație Dash
app = dash.Dash(__name__)

# Definiți aspectul și structura aplicației
app.layout = html.Div([
    html.H1("Aplicație Dash Simplă"),
    dcc.Graph(id='grafic'),
    dcc.Input(id='input-numar', type='number', value=1),
    html.Div(id='rezultat')
])

# Definiți funcția callback pentru actualizarea graficului
@app.callback(
    Output('grafic', 'figure'),
    Input('input-numar', 'value')
)
def actualizare_grafic(numar):
    # Implementați logica de actualizare a graficului aici
    # Exemplu simplu: Un grafic cu o linie dreaptă cu panta egală cu numărul introdus
    import plotly.express as px
    import pandas as pd
    
    data = pd.DataFrame({'x': range(10), 'y': [numar * x for x in range(10)]})
    
    fig = px.line(data, x='x', y='y', title='Graficul personalizat')
    
    return fig

# Rulează aplicația
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=True)

I run this command into the RGUI command :

shiny::runApp("C:/PythonProjects/rsconnect-python-001/")

Listening on http://127.0.0.1:7036

The result on browser is this:

I used this command to deploy the application on shinyapps.io:

>rsconnect deploy shiny . --name catafest --title test
[WARNING] 2023-09-01T22:28:10+0300 Can't determine entrypoint; defaulting to 'app'
    Warning: Capturing the environment using 'pip freeze'.
             Consider creating a requirements.txt file instead.
...
Task done: Stopping old instances
Application successfully deployed to https://catafest.shinyapps.io/test/
...
  deploying - Starting instances
Task done: Stopping old instances
Application successfully deployed to https://catafest.shinyapps.io/rsconnect-python-001/
←[32;20m        [OK]
←[0m←[0mSaving deployed information...←[0m←[32;20m      [OK]
←[0m

The result can be found on the shinyapps.io - admin.

I need to fix this error, but first test without app.py was deploy on web.

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.1.2 -> 23.2.1
[notice] To update, run: /srv/connect/venv/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
[2023-09-01T22:43:31.378864990+0000] Copying file manifest.json
←[31;20m        [ERROR]: Application deployment failed with error: Unhandled Exception: Child Task 1332185768 error: 
Unhandled Exception: 599
←[0mError: Application deployment failed with error: Unhandled Exception: Child Task 1332185768 error: 
Unhandled Exception: 599

I will come with better results.

Python 3.11.0 : Testing PE executable files x64 with capstone and pefile python modules.

You need to install the capstone python module.

pip install capstone --user
Collecting capstone
  Obtaining dependency information for capstone from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/dd/b28df50316ca193
  
  dd1275a4c47115a720796d
  
  9e1501c1888c4bfa5dc2260/capstone-5.0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  
  Downloading capstone-5.0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl.metadata (3.5 kB)
Downloading capstone-5.0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (1.3 MB)
   ---------------------------------------- 1.3/1.3 MB 1.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: capstone
Successfully installed capstone-5.0.1

You need to install the pefile.

pip install pefile --user
Collecting pefile
  Downloading pefile-2023.2.7-py3-none-any.whl (71 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 71.8/71.8 kB 564.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: pefile
Successfully installed pefile-2023.2.7

I used an old simple PE64 executable create with fasm tool from this source code:

format PE64 GUI 5.0
entry start
include 'INCLUDE\win64a.inc'
section '.text' code readable executable
  start:
        push    rbp
        invoke  GetModuleHandle,0
        invoke  DialogBoxParam,rax,37,HWND_DESKTOP,DialogProc,0
        invoke  ExitProcess,0
proc DialogProc uses rbx rsi rdi,hWnd,wMsg,wParam,lParam
        mov             [hWnd],rcx
        mov             [wMsg],rdx
        mov             [wParam],r8
        mov             [lParam],r9

        cmp     [wMsg],WM_COMMAND
        je      wmcommand
        cmp     [wMsg],WM_CLOSE
        je      wmclose
        cmp     [wMsg],WM_SYSCOMMAND
        je      wmsyscommand
        xor     rax,rax
        jmp     finish
wmsyscommand:
        cmp     [wParam],SC_RESTORE
        je      sc_restore
        invoke  DefWindowProc,[hWnd],[wMsg],[wParam],[lParam]
        ret
   sc_restore:
        invoke  AnimateWindow,[hWnd],DWORD 1000,0x00040004      ;HERE IT IS
        invoke  ShowWindow,[hWnd],SW_RESTORE
        mov     rax,1
        ret
wmcommand:
        cmp     [wParam],BN_CLICKED shl 16 + IDOK
        jne     processed
        invoke  ShowWindow,[hWnd],SW_MINIMIZE
        ret
wmclose:
        invoke  EndDialog,[hWnd],0
processed:
        mov     rax,1
        ret ; this no need and use cmp to get error
;        cmp rax,0
;        je show_error
;        show_error:
;        invoke  GetLastError ;must call this first and save the result before doing anything else
;        invoke  wsprintf,...
;        invoke  MessageBox,...
finish:
        ret
endp
section '.idata' import data readable writeable
  library kernel,'KERNEL32.DLL',\
          user,'USER32.DLL'
  import kernel,\
         GetModuleHandle,'GetModuleHandleA',\
         ExitProcess,'ExitProcess'
  import user,\
         DialogBoxParam,'DialogBoxParamA',\
         CheckRadioButton,'CheckRadioButton',\
         GetDlgItemText,'GetDlgItemTextA',\
         IsDlgButtonChecked,'IsDlgButtonChecked',\
         MessageBox,'MessageBoxA',\
         DefWindowProc,'DefWindowProcA',\
         EndDialog,'EndDialog',\
         AnimateWindow,'AnimateWindow',\
         ShowWindow,'ShowWindow'
section '.rsrc' resource data readable
  directory RT_DIALOG,dialogs
  resource dialogs,\
           37,LANG_ENGLISH+SUBLANG_DEFAULT,demonstration
  dialog demonstration,'Create message box',70,70,190,175,WS_CAPTION+WS_POPUP+WS_SYSMENU+DS_MODALFRAME
       dialogitem 'BUTTON','OK',IDOK,85,150,45,15,WS_VISIBLE+WS_TABSTOP+BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON
  enddialog

This is the source code for python script:

import pefile
from capstone import *

exe_file = 'test_001_no_err_imp.EXE'
pe = pefile.PE(exe_file)

# find text section
offset = False
for section in pe.sections:
    if section.Name == b'.text\x00\x00\x00':
        offset = section.VirtualAddress
        codePtr = section.PointerToRawData
        codeEndPtr = codePtr+section.SizeOfRawData
        break

code = pe.get_memory_mapped_image()[codePtr:codeEndPtr]

# start disassembling text section
md = Cs(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32)
md.detail = True
if offset:
    for i in md.disasm(code, offset):
        print('0x%x:\t%s\t%s' % (i.address, i.mnemonic, i.op_str))

This is the result:

python capstone_test_001.py
0x1000: push    ebp
0x1001: dec     eax
0x1002: sub     esp, 0x20
0x1005: dec     eax
0x1006: mov     ecx, 0
0x100c: call    dword ptr [0x105e]
0x1012: dec     eax
0x1013: add     esp, 0x20
0x1016: dec     eax
0x1017: sub     esp, 0x30
0x101a: dec     eax
0x101b: mov     ecx, eax
0x101d: dec     eax
0x101e: mov     edx, 0x25
0x1024: dec     ecx
0x1025: mov     eax, 0
0x102b: dec     ecx
0x102c: mov     ecx, 0x40105a
0x1032: dec     eax
0x1033: mov     dword ptr [esp + 0x20], 0
0x103b: call    dword ptr [0x109f]
0x1041: dec     eax
0x1042: add     esp, 0x30
0x1045: dec     eax
0x1046: sub     esp, 0x20
0x1049: dec     eax
0x104a: mov     ecx, 0
0x1050: call    dword ptr [0x1022]
0x1056: dec     eax
0x1057: add     esp, 0x20
0x105a: push    ebp
0x105b: dec     eax
0x105c: mov     ebp, esp
0x105e: dec     eax
0x105f: sub     esp, 8
0x1062: push    ebx
0x1063: push    esi
0x1064: push    edi
0x1065: dec     eax
0x1066: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x10], ecx
0x1069: dec     eax
0x106a: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], edx
0x106d: dec     esp
0x106e: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x20], eax
0x1071: dec     esp
0x1072: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x28], ecx
0x1075: dec     eax
0x1076: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], 0x111
0x107d: je      0x1110
0x1083: dec     eax
0x1084: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], 0x10
0x1088: je      0x1135
0x108e: dec     eax
0x108f: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], 0x112
0x1096: je      0x10a0
0x1098: dec     eax
0x1099: xor     eax, eax
0x109b: jmp     0x115a
0x10a0: dec     eax
0x10a1: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x20], 0xf120
0x10a8: je      0x10cd
0x10aa: dec     eax
0x10ab: sub     esp, 0x20
0x10ae: dec     eax
0x10af: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x10b2: dec     eax
0x10b3: mov     edx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x18]
0x10b6: dec     esp
0x10b7: mov     eax, dword ptr [ebp + 0x20]
0x10ba: dec     esp
0x10bb: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x28]
0x10be: call    dword ptr [0x1024]
0x10c4: dec     eax
0x10c5: add     esp, 0x20
0x10c8: pop     edi
0x10c9: pop     esi
0x10ca: pop     ebx
0x10cb: leave
0x10cc: ret
0x10cd: dec     eax
0x10ce: sub     esp, 0x20
0x10d1: dec     eax
0x10d2: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x10d5: mov     edx, 0x3e8
0x10da: dec     ecx
0x10db: mov     eax, 0x40004
0x10e1: call    dword ptr [0x1011]
0x10e7: dec     eax
0x10e8: add     esp, 0x20
0x10eb: dec     eax
0x10ec: sub     esp, 0x20
0x10ef: dec     eax
0x10f0: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x10f3: dec     eax
0x10f4: mov     edx, 9
0x10fa: call    dword ptr [0x1000]
0x1100: dec     eax
0x1101: add     esp, 0x20
0x1104: dec     eax
0x1105: mov     eax, 1
0x110b: pop     edi
0x110c: pop     esi
0x110d: pop     ebx
0x110e: leave
0x110f: ret
0x1110: dec     eax
0x1111: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x20], 1
0x1115: jne     0x114e
0x1117: dec     eax
0x1118: sub     esp, 0x20
0x111b: dec     eax
0x111c: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x111f: dec     eax
0x1120: mov     edx, 6
0x1126: call    dword ptr [0xfd4]
0x112c: dec     eax
0x112d: add     esp, 0x20
0x1130: pop     edi
0x1131: pop     esi
0x1132: pop     ebx
0x1133: leave
0x1134: ret
0x1135: dec     eax
0x1136: sub     esp, 0x20
0x1139: dec     eax
0x113a: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x113d: dec     eax
0x113e: mov     edx, 0
0x1144: call    dword ptr [0xfa6]
0x114a: dec     eax
0x114b: add     esp, 0x20
0x114e: dec     eax
0x114f: mov     eax, 1
0x1155: pop     edi
0x1156: pop     esi
0x1157: pop     ebx
0x1158: leave
0x1159: ret
0x115a: pop     edi
0x115b: pop     esi
0x115c: pop     ebx
0x115d: leave
0x115e: ret
0x115f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1161: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1163: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1165: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1167: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1169: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x116b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x116d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x116f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1171: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1173: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1175: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1177: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1179: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x117b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x117d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x117f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1181: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1183: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1185: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1187: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1189: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x118b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x118d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x118f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1191: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1193: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1195: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1197: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1199: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x119b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x119d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x119f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ab: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ad: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11af: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11bb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11bd: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11bf: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11cb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11cd: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11cf: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11db: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11dd: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11df: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11eb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ed: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ef: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11fb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11fd: add     byte ptr [eax], al

News : supervision python package.

We write your reusable computer vision tools. Whether you need to load your dataset from your hard drive, draw detections on an image or video, or count how many detections are in a zone. You can count on us!

I tested today with Fedora 39 Linux Distro using the GitHub project.

The installation from the source code worked with the following commands:

# clone repository and navigate to root directory
git clone https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
cd supervision

# setup python environment and activate it
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

# headless install
pip install -e "."

# desktop install
pip install -e ".[desktop]"

You can see more examples with this python package on this twitter account - skalskip92 !

News : Textual - Rapid Application Development.

Textual is a Rapid Application Development framework for Python.

Build sophisticated user interfaces with a simple Python API. Run your apps in the terminal and (coming soon) a web browser!

Python 3.10.12 : My colab test with Gated recurrent unit mechanism - part 037.

This is a simple example for Gated recurrent unit mechanism known as GRUs.

You can find this in my GitHub colab project.

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import keras
from keras import layers
units = 64
tf.keras.layers.GRU(
    units,
    activation="tanh",
    recurrent_activation="sigmoid",
    use_bias=True,
    kernel_initializer="glorot_uniform",
    recurrent_initializer="orthogonal",
    bias_initializer="zeros",
    kernel_regularizer=None,
    recurrent_regularizer=None,
    bias_regularizer=None,
    activity_regularizer=None,
    kernel_constraint=None,
    recurrent_constraint=None,
    bias_constraint=None,
    dropout=0.0,
    recurrent_dropout=0.0,
    return_sequences=False,
    return_state=False,
    go_backwards=False,
    stateful=False,
    unroll=False,
    time_major=False,
    reset_after=True,
)
inputs = tf.random.normal([32, 10, 8])
gru = tf.keras.layers.GRU(4)
output = gru(inputs)
print(output.shape)

gru = tf.keras.layers.GRU(4, return_sequences=True, return_state=True)
whole_sequence_output, final_state = gru(inputs)
print(whole_sequence_output.shape)
print(final_state.shape)

Python 3.10.12 : My colab tutorials and news from colab - part 036.

Today I recapitulated a bit the artificial intelligence part and a simple example for google drive.

I created two notebooks in collaboration and added them to my github repo.

The most interesting is the one with textgenrnn.

textgenrnn is an modern neural network architecture which utilizes new techniques as attention-weighting and skip-embedding to accelerate training

The last notebook colab is catafest_045.

News : Colab behavior through runtime .

I would like Google to emphasize more on the development side some elements that work like robots by interfacing with the development side.

Today I worked a little on artificial intelligence and I realized that it doesn't create textgenrnn_weights.hdf5 file for training created with the Python textgenrnn mode.

A solution is to reset the runtime with Ctrl+M and resume running.

They specify RESTART RUNTIME when using Python modules, see:

WARNING: The following packages were previously imported in this runtime:
   [numpy]
You must restart the runtime in order to use newly installed versions.

In this case, with the creation of textgenrnn_weights.hdf5 file, it is more difficult to understand and cannot be seen easily.

Python 3.10.12 : My colab tutorials and news from colab - part 035.

In this notebook I will show you how to use python to run a program written in the programming language for CUDA.

This allows you to use NVIDIA CUDA Compiler Driver NVCC, see this official webpage.

NVCC Plugin for Jupyter Notebook by https://github.com/andreinechaev/nvcc4jupyter.

The example I tested is simple:

# This is formatted as CUDA code
__global__ void cuda_hello(){
    printf("Hello World from GPU!\n");
}

int main() {
    cuda_hello<<<1,1>>>();
    return 0;
}

See my GitHub project for colab.

Python 3.8.10 : My colab tutorials and news from colab - part 034.

I add a new colab notebook with a simple source code to list all running VM processes from the colab notebook

You can see more examples on my GitHub colab google repo.

This is the source code:

%%sh
echo "List all running VM processes."
ps -ef
echo "Done"

News : About my work and one of my websites.

I would like to bring to the attention of those who follow my activity on my websites and appreciate the inability to continue with one of the websites: free-tutorials.org. It is currently hosted on a free host, but I cannot import it 100%, which has led me not to complete it with new posts. The continuation of the activities there, considering the limited time, will be carried out on my blogs with the defined theme with which I started: Linux - Fedora, Graphics, Python, Pygame.

In the meantime, because the host is expensive and until now someone has helped me to host it on his server, it is possible to sell the domain: free-tutorials.org - I receive purchase offers at my personal Yahoo email address catafest@yahoo.com.

Minimum starting price 250 euros, because the domain is old from 2018.