Python 3.12.1 : Simple browser with PyQt6-WebEngine.

This is a source code for a minimal browser with PyQt6 and PyQt6-WebEngine.

You need to install it with the pip tool:

pip install PyQt6 PyQt6-WebEngine

You can update the pip tool with

python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

Create a python script use the source code and run it.

Let's see the source code:

import sys
from PyQt6.QtCore import QUrl
from PyQt6.QtGui import QKeySequence, QAction
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLineEdit, QToolBar
from PyQt6.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
 
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
         
        # Create a web view
        self.web_view = QWebEngineView()
        self.web_view.setUrl(QUrl("127.0.0.1"))
        self.setCentralWidget(self.web_view)
 
        # Create a toolbar
        toolbar = QToolBar()
        self.addToolBar(toolbar)
         
        # Add a back action to the toolbar
        back_action = QAction("Back", self)
        back_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Back"))
        back_action.triggered.connect(self.web_view.back)
        toolbar.addAction(back_action)
         
        # Add a forward action to the toolbar
        forward_action = QAction("Forward", self)
        forward_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Forward"))
        forward_action.triggered.connect(self.web_view.forward)
        toolbar.addAction(forward_action)
         
        # Add a reload action to the toolbar
        reload_action = QAction("Reload", self)
        reload_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Refresh"))
        reload_action.triggered.connect(self.web_view.reload)
        toolbar.addAction(reload_action)
         
        # Add a search bar to the toolbar
        self.search_bar = QLineEdit()
        self.search_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.load_url)
        toolbar.addWidget(self.search_bar)
         
         
    def load_url(self):
        url = self.search_bar.text()
        if not url.startswith("http"):
            url = "https://" + url
        self.web_view.load(QUrl(url))
         
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    app.exec()

Python 3.12.1 : Create a simple color palette.

Today I tested a simple source code for a color palette created with PIL python package.

This is the result:

Let's see the source code:

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

# 640x640 pixeli with 10x10 squares 64x64 
img = Image.new('RGB', (640, 640))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)

# color list
colors = []
# for 100 colors you need to set steps with 62,62,64 
# or you can change 64,62,62 some little changes 
for r in range(0, 256, 62):
    for g in range(0, 256, 62):
        for b in range(0, 256, 64):
            colors.append((r, g, b))

# show result of colors and size up 100 items 
print(colors)
print(len(colors))

# create 10x10 colors and fill the image 
for i in range(10):
    for j in range(10):
        x0 = j * 64
        y0 = i * 64
        x1 = x0 + 64
        y1 = y0 + 64
        color = colors[i*10 + j]  # Selectarea culorii din lista
        draw.rectangle([x0, y0, x1, y1], fill=color)

# save teh image
img.save('rgb_color_matrix.png')

Python : MLOps with neptune.ai .

I just started testing with neptune.ai.

Neptune is the MLOps stack component for experiment tracking. It offers a single place to log, compare, store, and collaborate on experiments and models.

MLOps or ML Ops is a paradigm that aims to deploy and maintain machine learning models in production reliably and efficiently.

MLOps is practiced between Data Scientists, DevOps, and Machine Learning engineers to transition the algorithm to production systems.

MLOps aims to facilitate the creation of machine learning products by leveraging these principles: CI/CD automation, workflow orchestration, reproducibility; versioning of data, model, and code; collaboration; continuous ML training and evaluation; ML metadata tracking and logging; continuous monitoring; and feedback loops.

See Wikipedia.

You will understand these features of MLOps if you look at these practical examples.

Neptune uses a token:

Your Neptune API token is like a password to the application. By saving your token as an environment variable, you avoid putting it in your source code, which is more convenient and secure.

When I started I tested with this default project:

example-project-tensorflow-keras

Another good feature is the working team, by adding collaborators in the People section of your workspace settings.

• For a free account you can have these options:
• 5 users
• 1 active project
• Unlimited archived projects
• Unlimited experiments
• Unlimited model versions
• Unlimited logging hours
• Artifacts tracking
• Service accounts for CI/CD pipelines
• 200 GB storage

Let's see the default source code shared by neptune.ai for that default project:

import glob
import hashlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import neptune.new as neptune
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
from neptune.new.integrations.tensorflow_keras import NeptuneCallback
from scikitplot.metrics import plot_roc, plot_precision_recall

# Select project
run = neptune.init(project='common/example-project-tensorflow-keras',
                   tags=['keras', 'fashion-mnist'],
                   name='keras-training')

# Prepare params
parameters = {'dense_units': 128,
              'activation': 'relu',
              'dropout': 0.23,
              'learning_rate': 0.15,
              'batch_size': 64,
              'n_epochs': 30}

run['model/params'] = parameters

# Prepare dataset
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.fashion_mnist.load_data()
x_train = x_train / 255.0
x_test = x_test / 255.0

class_names = ['T-shirt/top', 'Trouser', 'Pullover', 'Dress', 'Coat',
               'Sandal', 'Shirt', 'Sneaker', 'Bag', 'Ankle boot']

# Log data version
run['data/version/x_train'] = hashlib.md5(x_train).hexdigest()
run['data/version/y_train'] = hashlib.md5(y_train).hexdigest()
run['data/version/x_test'] = hashlib.md5(x_test).hexdigest()
run['data/version/y_test'] = hashlib.md5(y_test).hexdigest()
run['data/class_names'] = class_names

# Log example images
for j, class_name in enumerate(class_names):
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
    label_ = np.where(y_train == j)
    for i in range(9):
        plt.subplot(3, 3, i + 1)
        plt.xticks([])
        plt.yticks([])
        plt.grid(False)
        plt.imshow(x_train[label_[0][i]], cmap=plt.cm.binary)
        plt.xlabel(class_names[j])
    run['data/train_sample'].log(neptune.types.File.as_image(plt.gcf()))
    plt.close('all')

# Prepare model
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28)),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(parameters['dense_units'], activation=parameters['activation']),
    tf.keras.layers.Dropout(parameters['dropout']),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(parameters['dense_units'], activation=parameters['activation']),
    tf.keras.layers.Dropout(parameters['dropout']),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=parameters['learning_rate'])
model.compile(optimizer=optimizer,
              loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
              metrics=['accuracy'])

# Log model summary
model.summary(print_fn=lambda x: run['model/summary'].log(x))

# Train model
neptune_cbk = NeptuneCallback(run=run, base_namespace='metrics')

model.fit(x_train, y_train,
          batch_size=parameters['batch_size'],
          epochs=parameters['n_epochs'],
          validation_split=0.2,
          callbacks=[neptune_cbk])

# Log model weights
model.save('trained_model')
run['model/weights/saved_model'].upload('trained_model/saved_model.pb')
for name in glob.glob('trained_model/variables/*'):
    run[name].upload(name)

# Evaluate model
eval_metrics = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=0)
for j, metric in enumerate(eval_metrics):
    run['test/scores/{}'.format(model.metrics_names[j])] = metric

# Log predictions as table
y_pred_proba = model.predict(x_test)
y_pred = np.argmax(y_pred_proba, axis=1)
y_pred = y_pred
df = pd.DataFrame(data={'y_test': y_test, 'y_pred': y_pred, 'y_pred_probability': y_pred_proba.max(axis=1)})
run['test/predictions'] = neptune.types.File.as_html(df)

# Log model performance visualizations
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plot_roc(y_test, y_pred_proba, ax=ax)
run['charts/ROC'] = neptune.types.File.as_image(fig)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plot_precision_recall(y_test, y_pred_proba, ax=ax)
run['charts/precision-recall'] = neptune.types.File.as_image(fig)
plt.close('all')

run.wait()

This screenshot shows the web interface for neptune.ai:

Python 3.13.0a1 : Testing with scapy - part 001.

Scapy is a powerful interactive packet manipulation library written in Python. Scapy is able to forge or decode packets of a wide number of protocols, send them on the wire, capture them, match requests and replies, and much more. see the official website.

You need to install NPCap.

Beacon frames are transmitted periodically, they serve to announce the presence of a wireless LAN and to synchronise the members of the service set.

In IBSS network beacon generation is distributed among the stations.

Beacon frames are transmitted by the access point (AP) in an infrastructure basic service set (BSS).

Beacon frames include information about the access point and supported data rates and what encryption is being used.

These are received by your device’s wireless network interface and interpreted by your operating system to build the list of available networks.

The beacon variable indicates the capabilities of our access point.

Let's see the source code:

C:\PythonProjects\scapy_001>pip install scapy
Collecting scapy
  Downloading scapy-2.5.0.tar.gz (1.3 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 1.3/1.3 MB 3.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
...
Successfully built scapy
Installing collected packages: scapy
Successfully installed scapy-2.5.0

The source code is simple:

from scapy.all import Dot11,Dot11Beacon,Dot11Elt,RadioTap,sendp,hexdump

netSSID = 'testSSID'       #Network name here
iface = 'Realtek PCIe GbE Family Controller'         #Interface name here

dot11 = Dot11(type=0, subtype=8, addr1='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff',
addr2='22:22:22:22:22:22', addr3='33:33:33:33:33:33')
beacon = Dot11Beacon(cap='ESS+privacy')
essid = Dot11Elt(ID='SSID',info=netSSID, len=len(netSSID))
rsn = Dot11Elt(ID='RSNinfo', info=(
'\x01\x00'                 #RSN Version 1
'\x00\x0f\xac\x02'         #Group Cipher Suite : 00-0f-ac TKIP
'\x02\x00'                 #2 Pairwise Cipher Suites (next two lines)
'\x00\x0f\xac\x04'         #AES Cipher
'\x00\x0f\xac\x02'         #TKIP Cipher
'\x01\x00'                 #1 Authentication Key Managment Suite (line below)
'\x00\x0f\xac\x02'         #Pre-Shared Key
'\x00\x00'))               #RSN Capabilities (no extra capabilities)

frame = RadioTap()/dot11/beacon/essid/rsn

frame.show()
print("\nHexdump of frame:")
hexdump(frame)
input("\nPress enter to start\n")

sendp(frame, iface=iface, inter=0.100, loop=1)

Let's run this source code:

python scapy_network_001.py
###[ RadioTap ]###
  version   = 0
  pad       = 0
  len       = None
  present   = None
  notdecoded= ''
###[ 802.11 ]###
     subtype   = Beacon
     type      = Management
     proto     = 0
     FCfield   =
     ID        = 0
     addr1     = ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (RA=DA)
     addr2     = 22:22:22:22:22:22 (TA=SA)
     addr3     = 33:33:33:33:33:33 (BSSID/STA)
     SC        = 0
###[ 802.11 Beacon ]###
        timestamp = 0
        beacon_interval= 100
        cap       = ESS+privpython scapy_network_001.py
###[ RadioTap ]### tion Element ]###
  version   = 0      = SSID
  pad       = 0      = 8
  len       = None   = 'testSSID'
  present   = Noneation Element ]###
  notdecoded= ''     = RSN
###[ 802.11 ]###     = None
     subtype   = Beacon'\x01\x00\x00\x0f¬\x02\x02\x00\x00\x0f¬\x04\x00\x0f¬\x02\x01\x00\x00\x
     type      = Management
     proto     = 0
     FCfield   =
     ID        = 0
     addr1     = ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (RA=DA)FF FF FF FF  ................
     addr2     = 22:22:22:22:22:22 (TA=SA)33 33 00 00  ..""""""333333..
     addr3     = 33:33:33:33:33:33 (BSSID/STA)8 74 65  ........d.....te
     SC        = 049 44 30 1C 01 00 00 0F C2 AC 02 02  stSSID0.........
###[ 802.11 Beacon ]### 00 0F C2 AC 02 01 00 00 0F C2  ................
        timestamp = 0                                  ....
        beacon_interval= 100
        cap       = ESS+privacy
###[ 802.11 Information Element ]###
           ID        = SSID..................................................................
           len       = 8.....................................................................
           info      = 'testSSID'
###[ 802.11 Information Element ]###
           ID        = RSN
           len       = None>
           info      = '\x01\x00\x00\x0f¬\x02\x02\x00\x00\x0f¬\x04\x00\x0f¬\x02\x01\x00\x00\x0f¬\x02\x00\x00'


Hexdump of frame:
0000  00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF  ................
0010  FF FF 22 22 22 22 22 22 33 33 33 33 33 33 00 00  ..""""""333333..
0020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 11 00 00 08 74 65  ........d.....te
0030  73 74 53 53 49 44 30 1C 01 00 00 0F C2 AC 02 02  stSSID0.........
0040  00 00 0F C2 AC 04 00 0F C2 AC 02 01 00 00 0F C2  ................
0050  AC 02 00 00                                      ....

Press enter to start

.................................................................
Sent 130 packets.

Python 3.13.0a1 : How to use PyOTP for Microsoft Authenticator.

PyOTP is a Python library for generating and verifying one-time passwords. It can be used to implement two-factor (2FA) or multi-factor (MFA) authentication methods in web applications and in other systems that require users to log in.

Read more on this official webpage.

I teste with Microsoft Authenticator from Google play.

Install with pip tool and use this source code:

import pyotp

# Generare secret pentru utilizator
secret = pyotp.random_base32()

# Generare URL pentru codul QR
uri = pyotp.totp.TOTP(secret).provisioning_uri(name="UtilizatorExemplu", issuer_name="NumeServer")

# Exemplu de folosire a URI-ului într-o aplicație web sau pentru a genera un cod QR
print("Scanati urmatorul QR code in aplicatia Microsoft Authenticator:")
print(uri)

I run the python script:

python test_001.py
Scanati urmatorul QR code in aplicatia Microsoft Authenticator:
otpauth://totp/NumeServer:UtilizatorExemplu?secret=SPZICPQHAMWOIYCAZEHXZTPQDXEXZSWL&issuer=NumeServer

I used the uri output with one online tool to generate this QR image code and I tested with the aplication.

The account is added with NumeServer and UtilizatorExemplu.

Python processing LiDAR data with Ouster SDK.

Lidar sensors for high-resolution, long range use in autonomous vehicles, robotics, mapping. Low-cost & reliable for any use case. Shipping today. See more on the official website.

You can download sample LiDAR data and test and use the Ouster Python SDK from the Ouster website.

The documentation for this python package can be found on this website.

See a simple demo on this youtube video named: 0 to SLAM in 60 Seconds.

Python 3.8.12 : Django with replit online tool - part 001.

Now with the replit online tool it is easy to test projects in Django. You must set a variable SECRET_KEY in settings.py and press the Run button. This will open the web page with your project.

In the command line area you can use python to generate this variable, see the source code:

~/Django001$ python
Python 3.8.12 (default, Aug 30 2021, 16:42:10) 
[GCC 10.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import secrets
>>> secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
'yIXPv6u4uCt4AUWlkU4NCuoyJiZlLx5IFm8kG6h8RtA'

This is result of these first steps:

Use this command to create a website named catafest001:

~/Django001$ python manage.py startapp catafest001

Add this website to settings.py from django_project:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'catafest001',
]

Use this command to create an user with a password:

~/Django001$ python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'runner'): 
Email address: catafest@yahoo.com
Password: 
Password (again): 
The password is too similar to the username.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully.

You can see I let the username runner and the password I set to adminadmin.

Into web area I set the URL to /admin and I use the username and the password to login into admin area.

NOTE: Although I did the correct steps for a simple project in django with admin page, it won't let me login as admin ... maybe the replit online tool needs some other changes or the cause is different ...

Python 3.12.0 : Plyer example 001.

Plyer is a platform-independent api to use features commonly found on various platforms, notably mobile ones, in Python.

The project can be found on this GitHub project.

import time
from plyer import notification

if __name__ == "__main__":
	while True:
		notification.notify(title="Test",message="Text message",timeout=10)
		time.sleep(3000)

Let's see the most simple example with this python module.

Python 3.12.0 : PyAutoGUI example.

PyAutoGUI lets your Python scripts control the mouse and keyboard to automate interactions with other applications.

Make sure the modal dialog window is active and the desired text is visible before running the script.

This script waits for the user to activate the modal dialog window (for example, by clicking on the dialog window) and then moves the cursor to the coordinates of the label in the dialog window.

Copies the selected text to the clipboard using the classic Ctr and C keys.

Let's see the source code that does this.

import pyautogui
import time

# Display a short notification to prompt the user to activate the modal dialog window
print("Please activate the modal dialog window.")

# Wait for the user to activate the modal dialog window (you can click in the dialog window)
time.sleep(10) # Wait 10 seconds or enough time to activate the window

# Get the coordinates where you want to read the text on the label
x_label = 200 # Replace with the correct x coordinates
y_label = 300 # Replace with the correct y coordinates

# Move the mouse cursor to the coordinates of the label
pyautogui.moveTo(x_label, y_label)

# Select the text in the label using the mouse
pyautogui.dragTo(x_label + 200, y_label, duration=1) # Substitute the appropriate coordinates and duration

# Copies the selected text to the clipboard
pyautogui.hotkey("ctrl", "c")

# You can use the clipboard to access the read text
import clipboard
text_copied = clipboard.paste()

Blender 3D and python scripting - part 026.

Today I tested the bpy python module from Blender 3D software version 3.5 and I made this lite addon that showed me a modal dialog and checked and installed the Pillow python module.

The script don't install Pillow because is not fixed.

The main reason was to add my Python tools and features to Blender 3D and share with you.

bl_info = {
    "name": "Tools by catafest",
    "blender": (3, 0, 0),
    "category": "3D View",
}

import bpy
from bpy.types import Operator, Panel
from bpy.props import StringProperty

try:
    import importlib
    importlib.import_module("Pillow")
    PIL_installed = True
except ImportError:
    PIL_installed = False

def install_pillow():
    import subprocess
    try:
        subprocess.run([bpy.app.binary_path, '--python-exit-code', '1', '-m', 'ensurepip'])
        subprocess.check_call([bpy.app.binary_path, '-m', 'pip', 'install', 'Pillow'])
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print("Eroare la instalarea Pillow:", e)

# Operator pentru a afișa fereastra modală cu informații despre instalarea Pillow
class CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_pillow_message(Operator):
    bl_idname = "catafest.show_pillow_message"
    bl_label = "Show Pillow Message"

    def execute(self, context):
        global PIL_installed
        message = "Pillow este instalat." if PIL_installed else "Pillow nu este instalat."

        # Dacă Pillow nu este instalat, încercați să-l instalați
        if not PIL_installed:
            install_pillow()
            try:
                import importlib
                importlib.import_module("Pillow")
                PIL_installed = True
                message = "Pillow a fost instalat cu succes!" if PIL_installed else "Eroare la instalarea Pillow."
            except ImportError:
                PIL_installed = False

        # Afișați fereastra modală în centrul ecranului
        bpy.ops.catafest.show_modal_message('INVOKE_DEFAULT', title="Starea Pillow", message=message)
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        return self.execute(context)

# Operator pentru a afișa fereastra modală personalizată
class CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_modal_message(Operator):
    bl_idname = "catafest.show_modal_message"
    bl_label = "Show Modal Message"

    title: bpy.props.StringProperty(default="Message")
    message: bpy.props.StringProperty(default="")

    def execute(self, context):
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        wm = context.window_manager
        return wm.invoke_props_dialog(self, width=400)

    def draw(self, context):
        layout = self.layout
        layout.label(text=self.message)

# Panel pentru bara laterală din 3D View
class VIEW3D_PT_tools_image(Panel):
    bl_label = "Images"
    bl_idname = "VIEW3D_PT_tools_image"
    bl_space_type = 'VIEW_3D'
    bl_region_type = 'UI'
    bl_category = 'Tools by catafest'

    def draw(self, context):
        layout = self.layout
        layout.operator(CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_modal_message.bl_idname)
        layout.operator(CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_pillow_message.bl_idname)

def register():
    bpy.utils.register_class(CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_modal_message)
    bpy.utils.register_class(CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_pillow_message)
    bpy.utils.register_class(VIEW3D_PT_tools_image)

def unregister():
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_modal_message)
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(CATAFEST_IMAGES_OT_show_pillow_message)
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(VIEW3D_PT_tools_image)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    register()

News : Amazon free python audible audiobook.

Although Python programming language comes with many learning resources, you can find a lot of free audiobooks on Amazon.

You can try a free trial then you need to pay $14.95 a month after 30 days - cancel online anytime.

News : Python 3.12.0 release candidate 2 now available.

This new release comes with many improvements for developers.

Here are some of them.

Modules from the standard library are now potentially suggested as part of the error messages displayed by the interpreter ...

NameError: name 'sys' is not defined. Did you forget to import 'sys'?

• Many large and small performance improvements like - PEP 709;
• Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces;
• New type annotation syntax for generic classes - PEP 695;
• More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed - PEP 701;
• Support for the buffer protocol in Python code - PEP 688;
• A new debugging/profiling API - PEP 669;
• Support for isolated sub interpreters with separate Global Interpreter Locks - PEP 684;

All PEPs can be found on this GitHub project.

Python 3.11.4 : Issues in Fedora with PyGobject and sway-tests

Today I wanted to test this repo named sway-tests.

I followed the steps there and received an error from gi.repository.

This error is related to another issue related to PyGobject.

In Fedora Linux distro, installing PyGobject is done with pip like this:

$ pip install PyGobject

In order to have no errors, the dnf or dnf5 tool should be used like this ...

I tested the functionality of this installation with a simple example:

import gi

gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gtk

win = Gtk.Window()
win.connect("destroy", Gtk.main_quit)
win.show_all()
Gtk.main()

It worked very well.

After solving this issue, I returned to the initial one and tested the sway-tests.

$ whereis sway
$ env/bin/pytest --sway=/usr/bin/sway
$ sudo env/bin/pytest --sway=/usr/bin/sway

I used the command both with and without sudo.

Both generated the same errors.

For the following command I had to install ... xorg-x11-server-Xephyr:

Xephyr is an X server which has been implemented as an ordinary X application. It runs in a window just like other X applications, but it is an X server ...

... the fixed centered black window specific to the xorg runtime appeared and somewhere on the side the terminal showed me a bunch of errors.

... obviously, I don't know how well sway-tests is implemented, now it's an archived repo, but I solved the use of PyGobject in python on the Fedora linux distribution.

Python 3.11.0 : Use python to set your R application on shinyapps.io.

If you use the R programming language and shinyapps.io then you can use Python to set up your application.

I create my folder and I install the rsconnect-python python package.

mkdir rsconnect-python-001
cd rsconnect-python-001
pip install rsconnect-python --user
Collecting rsconnect-python

From the shinyapps webpage, I got my token and my secret for my account and I used this command:

rsconnect add --account catafest --name catafest --token YOUR_TOKEN --secret YOUR_SECRET

Detected the following inputs:
    name: COMMANDLINE
    insecure: DEFAULT
    account: COMMANDLINE
    token: COMMANDLINE
    secret: COMMANDLINE
Checking shinyapps.io credential...              [OK]
Added shinyapps.io credential "catafest".

You can see is set and working.

I used a simple R source code named app.r:

library(shiny)

# Definirea interfeței utilizatorului
ui <- fluidPage(
  titlePanel("Aplicație Shiny Simplă"),
  sidebarLayout(
    sidebarPanel(
      numericInput("num", "Introduceți un număr:", value = 1),
      actionButton("goButton", "Generează")
    ),
    mainPanel(
      textOutput("rezultat")
    )
  )
)

# Definirea serverului
server <- function(input, output) {
  observeEvent(input$goButton, {
    num <- input$num
    output$rezultat <- renderText({
      paste("Numărul introdus este:", num)
    })
  })
}

# Crearea aplicației Shiny
shinyApp(ui, server)

The app.py file has this source code:

import dash
import dash_core_components as dcc
import dash_html_components as html
from dash.dependencies import Input, Output

# Creați o aplicație Dash
app = dash.Dash(__name__)

# Definiți aspectul și structura aplicației
app.layout = html.Div([
    html.H1("Aplicație Dash Simplă"),
    dcc.Graph(id='grafic'),
    dcc.Input(id='input-numar', type='number', value=1),
    html.Div(id='rezultat')
])

# Definiți funcția callback pentru actualizarea graficului
@app.callback(
    Output('grafic', 'figure'),
    Input('input-numar', 'value')
)
def actualizare_grafic(numar):
    # Implementați logica de actualizare a graficului aici
    # Exemplu simplu: Un grafic cu o linie dreaptă cu panta egală cu numărul introdus
    import plotly.express as px
    import pandas as pd
    
    data = pd.DataFrame({'x': range(10), 'y': [numar * x for x in range(10)]})
    
    fig = px.line(data, x='x', y='y', title='Graficul personalizat')
    
    return fig

# Rulează aplicația
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run_server(debug=True)

I run this command into the RGUI command :

shiny::runApp("C:/PythonProjects/rsconnect-python-001/")

Listening on http://127.0.0.1:7036

The result on browser is this:

I used this command to deploy the application on shinyapps.io:

>rsconnect deploy shiny . --name catafest --title test
[WARNING] 2023-09-01T22:28:10+0300 Can't determine entrypoint; defaulting to 'app'
    Warning: Capturing the environment using 'pip freeze'.
             Consider creating a requirements.txt file instead.
...
Task done: Stopping old instances
Application successfully deployed to https://catafest.shinyapps.io/test/
...
  deploying - Starting instances
Task done: Stopping old instances
Application successfully deployed to https://catafest.shinyapps.io/rsconnect-python-001/
←[32;20m        [OK]
←[0m←[0mSaving deployed information...←[0m←[32;20m      [OK]
←[0m

The result can be found on the shinyapps.io - admin.

I need to fix this error, but first test without app.py was deploy on web.

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.1.2 -> 23.2.1
[notice] To update, run: /srv/connect/venv/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
[2023-09-01T22:43:31.378864990+0000] Copying file manifest.json
←[31;20m        [ERROR]: Application deployment failed with error: Unhandled Exception: Child Task 1332185768 error: 
Unhandled Exception: 599
←[0mError: Application deployment failed with error: Unhandled Exception: Child Task 1332185768 error: 
Unhandled Exception: 599

I will come with better results.

Python 3.11.0 : Testing PE executable files x64 with capstone and pefile python modules.

You need to install the capstone python module.

pip install capstone --user
Collecting capstone
  Obtaining dependency information for capstone from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/dd/b28df50316ca193
  
  dd1275a4c47115a720796d
  
  9e1501c1888c4bfa5dc2260/capstone-5.0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl.metadata
  
  Downloading capstone-5.0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl.metadata (3.5 kB)
Downloading capstone-5.0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (1.3 MB)
   ---------------------------------------- 1.3/1.3 MB 1.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: capstone
Successfully installed capstone-5.0.1

You need to install the pefile.

pip install pefile --user
Collecting pefile
  Downloading pefile-2023.2.7-py3-none-any.whl (71 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 71.8/71.8 kB 564.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: pefile
Successfully installed pefile-2023.2.7

I used an old simple PE64 executable create with fasm tool from this source code:

format PE64 GUI 5.0
entry start
include 'INCLUDE\win64a.inc'
section '.text' code readable executable
  start:
        push    rbp
        invoke  GetModuleHandle,0
        invoke  DialogBoxParam,rax,37,HWND_DESKTOP,DialogProc,0
        invoke  ExitProcess,0
proc DialogProc uses rbx rsi rdi,hWnd,wMsg,wParam,lParam
        mov             [hWnd],rcx
        mov             [wMsg],rdx
        mov             [wParam],r8
        mov             [lParam],r9

        cmp     [wMsg],WM_COMMAND
        je      wmcommand
        cmp     [wMsg],WM_CLOSE
        je      wmclose
        cmp     [wMsg],WM_SYSCOMMAND
        je      wmsyscommand
        xor     rax,rax
        jmp     finish
wmsyscommand:
        cmp     [wParam],SC_RESTORE
        je      sc_restore
        invoke  DefWindowProc,[hWnd],[wMsg],[wParam],[lParam]
        ret
   sc_restore:
        invoke  AnimateWindow,[hWnd],DWORD 1000,0x00040004      ;HERE IT IS
        invoke  ShowWindow,[hWnd],SW_RESTORE
        mov     rax,1
        ret
wmcommand:
        cmp     [wParam],BN_CLICKED shl 16 + IDOK
        jne     processed
        invoke  ShowWindow,[hWnd],SW_MINIMIZE
        ret
wmclose:
        invoke  EndDialog,[hWnd],0
processed:
        mov     rax,1
        ret ; this no need and use cmp to get error
;        cmp rax,0
;        je show_error
;        show_error:
;        invoke  GetLastError ;must call this first and save the result before doing anything else
;        invoke  wsprintf,...
;        invoke  MessageBox,...
finish:
        ret
endp
section '.idata' import data readable writeable
  library kernel,'KERNEL32.DLL',\
          user,'USER32.DLL'
  import kernel,\
         GetModuleHandle,'GetModuleHandleA',\
         ExitProcess,'ExitProcess'
  import user,\
         DialogBoxParam,'DialogBoxParamA',\
         CheckRadioButton,'CheckRadioButton',\
         GetDlgItemText,'GetDlgItemTextA',\
         IsDlgButtonChecked,'IsDlgButtonChecked',\
         MessageBox,'MessageBoxA',\
         DefWindowProc,'DefWindowProcA',\
         EndDialog,'EndDialog',\
         AnimateWindow,'AnimateWindow',\
         ShowWindow,'ShowWindow'
section '.rsrc' resource data readable
  directory RT_DIALOG,dialogs
  resource dialogs,\
           37,LANG_ENGLISH+SUBLANG_DEFAULT,demonstration
  dialog demonstration,'Create message box',70,70,190,175,WS_CAPTION+WS_POPUP+WS_SYSMENU+DS_MODALFRAME
       dialogitem 'BUTTON','OK',IDOK,85,150,45,15,WS_VISIBLE+WS_TABSTOP+BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON
  enddialog

This is the source code for python script:

import pefile
from capstone import *

exe_file = 'test_001_no_err_imp.EXE'
pe = pefile.PE(exe_file)

# find text section
offset = False
for section in pe.sections:
    if section.Name == b'.text\x00\x00\x00':
        offset = section.VirtualAddress
        codePtr = section.PointerToRawData
        codeEndPtr = codePtr+section.SizeOfRawData
        break

code = pe.get_memory_mapped_image()[codePtr:codeEndPtr]

# start disassembling text section
md = Cs(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32)
md.detail = True
if offset:
    for i in md.disasm(code, offset):
        print('0x%x:\t%s\t%s' % (i.address, i.mnemonic, i.op_str))

This is the result:

python capstone_test_001.py
0x1000: push    ebp
0x1001: dec     eax
0x1002: sub     esp, 0x20
0x1005: dec     eax
0x1006: mov     ecx, 0
0x100c: call    dword ptr [0x105e]
0x1012: dec     eax
0x1013: add     esp, 0x20
0x1016: dec     eax
0x1017: sub     esp, 0x30
0x101a: dec     eax
0x101b: mov     ecx, eax
0x101d: dec     eax
0x101e: mov     edx, 0x25
0x1024: dec     ecx
0x1025: mov     eax, 0
0x102b: dec     ecx
0x102c: mov     ecx, 0x40105a
0x1032: dec     eax
0x1033: mov     dword ptr [esp + 0x20], 0
0x103b: call    dword ptr [0x109f]
0x1041: dec     eax
0x1042: add     esp, 0x30
0x1045: dec     eax
0x1046: sub     esp, 0x20
0x1049: dec     eax
0x104a: mov     ecx, 0
0x1050: call    dword ptr [0x1022]
0x1056: dec     eax
0x1057: add     esp, 0x20
0x105a: push    ebp
0x105b: dec     eax
0x105c: mov     ebp, esp
0x105e: dec     eax
0x105f: sub     esp, 8
0x1062: push    ebx
0x1063: push    esi
0x1064: push    edi
0x1065: dec     eax
0x1066: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x10], ecx
0x1069: dec     eax
0x106a: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], edx
0x106d: dec     esp
0x106e: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x20], eax
0x1071: dec     esp
0x1072: mov     dword ptr [ebp + 0x28], ecx
0x1075: dec     eax
0x1076: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], 0x111
0x107d: je      0x1110
0x1083: dec     eax
0x1084: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], 0x10
0x1088: je      0x1135
0x108e: dec     eax
0x108f: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x18], 0x112
0x1096: je      0x10a0
0x1098: dec     eax
0x1099: xor     eax, eax
0x109b: jmp     0x115a
0x10a0: dec     eax
0x10a1: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x20], 0xf120
0x10a8: je      0x10cd
0x10aa: dec     eax
0x10ab: sub     esp, 0x20
0x10ae: dec     eax
0x10af: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x10b2: dec     eax
0x10b3: mov     edx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x18]
0x10b6: dec     esp
0x10b7: mov     eax, dword ptr [ebp + 0x20]
0x10ba: dec     esp
0x10bb: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x28]
0x10be: call    dword ptr [0x1024]
0x10c4: dec     eax
0x10c5: add     esp, 0x20
0x10c8: pop     edi
0x10c9: pop     esi
0x10ca: pop     ebx
0x10cb: leave
0x10cc: ret
0x10cd: dec     eax
0x10ce: sub     esp, 0x20
0x10d1: dec     eax
0x10d2: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x10d5: mov     edx, 0x3e8
0x10da: dec     ecx
0x10db: mov     eax, 0x40004
0x10e1: call    dword ptr [0x1011]
0x10e7: dec     eax
0x10e8: add     esp, 0x20
0x10eb: dec     eax
0x10ec: sub     esp, 0x20
0x10ef: dec     eax
0x10f0: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x10f3: dec     eax
0x10f4: mov     edx, 9
0x10fa: call    dword ptr [0x1000]
0x1100: dec     eax
0x1101: add     esp, 0x20
0x1104: dec     eax
0x1105: mov     eax, 1
0x110b: pop     edi
0x110c: pop     esi
0x110d: pop     ebx
0x110e: leave
0x110f: ret
0x1110: dec     eax
0x1111: cmp     dword ptr [ebp + 0x20], 1
0x1115: jne     0x114e
0x1117: dec     eax
0x1118: sub     esp, 0x20
0x111b: dec     eax
0x111c: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x111f: dec     eax
0x1120: mov     edx, 6
0x1126: call    dword ptr [0xfd4]
0x112c: dec     eax
0x112d: add     esp, 0x20
0x1130: pop     edi
0x1131: pop     esi
0x1132: pop     ebx
0x1133: leave
0x1134: ret
0x1135: dec     eax
0x1136: sub     esp, 0x20
0x1139: dec     eax
0x113a: mov     ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
0x113d: dec     eax
0x113e: mov     edx, 0
0x1144: call    dword ptr [0xfa6]
0x114a: dec     eax
0x114b: add     esp, 0x20
0x114e: dec     eax
0x114f: mov     eax, 1
0x1155: pop     edi
0x1156: pop     esi
0x1157: pop     ebx
0x1158: leave
0x1159: ret
0x115a: pop     edi
0x115b: pop     esi
0x115c: pop     ebx
0x115d: leave
0x115e: ret
0x115f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1161: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1163: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1165: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1167: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1169: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x116b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x116d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x116f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1171: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1173: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1175: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1177: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1179: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x117b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x117d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x117f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1181: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1183: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1185: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1187: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1189: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x118b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x118d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x118f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1191: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1193: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1195: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1197: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x1199: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x119b: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x119d: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x119f: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11a9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ab: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ad: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11af: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11b9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11bb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11bd: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11bf: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11c9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11cb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11cd: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11cf: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11d9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11db: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11dd: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11df: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11e9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11eb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ed: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11ef: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f1: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f3: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f5: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f7: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11f9: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11fb: add     byte ptr [eax], al
0x11fd: add     byte ptr [eax], al

News : supervision python package.

We write your reusable computer vision tools. Whether you need to load your dataset from your hard drive, draw detections on an image or video, or count how many detections are in a zone. You can count on us!

I tested today with Fedora 39 Linux Distro using the GitHub project.

The installation from the source code worked with the following commands:

# clone repository and navigate to root directory
git clone https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
cd supervision

# setup python environment and activate it
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

# headless install
pip install -e "."

# desktop install
pip install -e ".[desktop]"

You can see more examples with this python package on this twitter account - skalskip92 !

Python 3.11.0 : Exo - domain-specific programming language in python.

Exo is a domain-specific programming language that helps low-level performance engineers transform very simple programs that specify what they want to compute into very complex programs that do the same thing as the specification, only much, much faster.

You can find it on GitHub project and on the official webpage.

Let's install it with pip tool:

C:\PythonProjects>mkdir exo-lang_001

C:\PythonProjects>cd exo-lang_001

C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>pip install exo-lang --user
Collecting exo-lang
  Downloading exo_lang-0.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (142 kB)
  ...
Successfully installed PySMT-0.9.5 asdl-0.1.5 asdl-adt-0.1.0 astor-0.8.1 exo-lang-0.0.2 tomli-2.0.1 
yapf-0.33.0 z3-solver-4.12.2.0

Let's test with this default example but using virtual environments

This allow me to install Python packages in an isolated location from the rest of your system instead of installing them system-wide.

C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>pip install virtualenv --user
...
C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>python -m venv venv
C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>venv\Scripts\activate.bat

(venv) C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>python -m pip install -U setuptools wheel
Successfully installed setuptools-67.8.0 wheel-0.40.0

[notice] A new release of pip available: 22.3 -> 23.1.2
[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
(venv) C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\pythonprojects\exo-lang_001\venv\lib\site-packages (22.3)
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-23.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
...
Successfully installed pip-23.1.2
(venv) C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>python -m pip install exo-lang
...
Installing collected packages: z3-solver, PySMT, asdl, tomli, numpy, attrs, astor, yapf, asdl-adt, exo-lang
Successfully installed PySMT-0.9.5 asdl-0.1.5 asdl-adt-0.1.0 astor-0.8.1 attrs-23.1.0 exo-lang-0.0.2 numpy-1.24.3
tomli-2.0.1 yapf-0.33.0 z3-solver-4.12.2.0

Let's try a simple example from official webpage:

(venv) C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>notepad example.py
# example.py
from __future__ import annotations
from exo import *

@proc
def example_sgemm(
    M: size,
    N: size,
    K: size,
    C: f32[M, N] @ DRAM,
    A: f32[M, K] @ DRAM,
    B: f32[K, N] @ DRAM,
):
    for i in seq(0, M):
        for j in seq(0, N):
            for k in seq(0, K):
                C[i, j] += A[i, k] * B[k, j]

Use this command and check the out folder:

(venv) C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001>cd out
(venv) C:\PythonProjects\exo-lang_001\out>dir 
...
 example.c   example.h

If you want to know more see this video from youtube:

Python 3.11.3 : Using Jupyter Lab on Fedora linux distro.

JupyterLab is the latest web-based interactive development environment for notebooks, code, and data. Its flexible interface allows users to configure and arrange workflows in data science, scientific computing, computational journalism, and machine learning.

Follow these steps:

1. Install the jupyterlab python package using pip. This will allow you to run Jupyter notebooks in the terminal.

   pip install jupyterlab

2. Open a Jupyter Lab session in the terminal using the command:

   jupyter lab

3. Create a new notebook file and save it with the .ipynb extension.
4. In the notebook file, add the source code to work with the Python programming language and save the file notebook.

See the next screenshot how this works:

Extension for inkscape with python.

Today, I created the first Python extension for Inkscape, and although in theory, it seems easy, it is not really so.

You have to study a little and search the web, but I created a tutorial on one of my website.

The idea is to use at least two files with different extensions.

I named one catafest_extension.inx and the other catafest_extension.py.

For the Python file, I used this source code:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
#
# Copyright (C) 2023 Catalin George Festila, catafest@yahoo.com
#

"""
Simple test extension for inkscape
"""

import inkex
# add by me 

from lxml import etree
def draw_SVG_square(w,h, x,y, parent):
    style = { 'stroke'        : 'none',
              'stroke-width'  : '1',
              'fill'          : '#0000FF'
            }

    attribs = {
        'style'     : str(inkex.Style(style)),
        'height'    : str(h),
        'width'     : str(w),
        'x'         : str(x),
        'y'         : str(y)
            }
    patrat = etree.SubElement(
        parent, inkex.addNS('rect','svg'), attribs )
    return patrat

class MyExtension(inkex.Effect):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def effect(self):
        self.msg("This is an empty extension created by catafest !")
        parent = self.svg.get_current_layer()
        draw_SVG_square(100,100, 0,0, parent)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    MyExtension().run()

The result is this

Python 3.11.0 : about consolemenu .

This simple console menu can help to create menus, you can find the project on GitHub project.

pip install console-menu --user

For testing, I used the default example, and works well.

# Import the necessary packages
from consolemenu import *
from consolemenu.items import *

# Create the menu
menu = ConsoleMenu("Title", "Subtitle")

# Create some items

# MenuItem is the base class for all items, it doesn't do anything when selected
menu_item = MenuItem("Menu Item")

# A FunctionItem runs a Python function when selected
function_item = FunctionItem("Call a Python function", input, ["Enter an input"])

# A CommandItem runs a console command
command_item = CommandItem("Run a console command",  "touch hello.txt")

# A SelectionMenu constructs a menu from a list of strings
selection_menu = SelectionMenu(["item1", "item2", "item3"])

# A SubmenuItem lets you add a menu (the selection_menu above, for example)
# as a submenu of another menu
submenu_item = SubmenuItem("Submenu item", selection_menu, menu)

# Once we're done creating them, we just add the items to the menu
menu.append_item(menu_item)
menu.append_item(function_item)
menu.append_item(command_item)
menu.append_item(submenu_item)

# Finally, we call show to show the menu and allow the user to interact
menu.show()