Python 3.12.1 : Bandit tool for security issues in Python code.

Bandit is a tool designed to find common security issues in Python code. To do this Bandit processes each file, builds an AST from it, and runs appropriate plugins against the AST nodes. Once Bandit has finished scanning all the files it generates a report.

Bandit was originally developed within the OpenStack Security Project and later rehomed to PyCQA

Installation is simple with the pip tool:.

pip install bandit
Collecting bandit
  Downloading bandit-1.7.7-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.9 kB)
...
Installing collected packages: PyYAML, pygments, pbr, mdurl, stevedore, markdown-it-py, rich, bandit
Successfully installed PyYAML-6.0.1 bandit-1.7.7 markdown-it-py-3.0.0 mdurl-0.1.2 pbr-6.0.0 pygments-2.17.2 
rich-13.7.1 stevedore-5.2.0

You can see all features with this command:

bandit -h

I test on the script from the last tutorial with pypdf python module and the result is great:

bandit test_001.py
[main]  INFO    profile include tests: None
[main]  INFO    profile exclude tests: None
[main]  INFO    cli include tests: None
[main]  INFO    cli exclude tests: None
[main]  INFO    running on Python 3.12.1
Run started:2024-03-05 19:53:56.858212

Test results:
        No issues identified.

Code scanned:
        Total lines of code: 24
        Total lines skipped (#nosec): 0

Run metrics:
        Total issues (by severity):
                Undefined: 0
                Low: 0
                Medium: 0
                High: 0
        Total issues (by confidence):
                Undefined: 0
                Low: 0
                Medium: 0
                High: 0
Files skipped (0):

Python 3.12.1 : Testing pypdf - version 4.1.0 .

I tried to find a solution for processing PDF files.

The newer Python package called "unstructured" I tested was a disaster and a waste of time and resources.

Today I will show you tests with the Python package called pypdf with version: 4.1.0.

You can find it on the official page.

Installation is simple with the pip tool and you can also add options offered by crypto.

pip install pypdf[crypto]
Collecting pypdf[crypto]
  Downloading pypdf-4.1.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (7.4 kB)
...
Installing collected packages: pypdf
Successfully installed pypdf-4.1.0

Here is some information displayed with the show option.

python -m pip show pypdf
Name: pypdf
Version: 4.1.0
Summary: A pure-python PDF library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF files
Home-page:
Author:
Author-email: Mathieu Fenniak <biziqe@mathieu.fenniak.net>
License:
Location: C:\Python312\Lib\site-packages
Requires:
Required-by:

I create a little script for testing:

import os
from pypdf import PdfReader  
from pypdf import PdfWriter
#PdfMerger is deprecated and will be removed in pypdf 5.0.0. Use PdfWriter instead.
#from pypdf import PdfMerger

pdf_file = PdfReader("invoice-001.pdf")
print("Size in pages : ",len(pdf_file.pages))
print("========")
page = pdf_file .pages[0]
print("Page : ", page)
print("========")
text = page.extract_text()
print("Page text : ", text)
print("========")
print("PDF Metadata : ", pdf_file.metadata)
print("PDF Metadata - Title: ", pdf_file.metadata.title)
print("========")
pdf_writer = PdfWriter("invoice-002.pdf")
page = pdf_writer.add_blank_page(width=8.27 * 72, height=11.7 * 72)
pdf_writer.write("invoice-002.pdf")

from pypdf import PdfWriter

merger = PdfWriter()

for pdf in ["invoice-001.pdf", "invoice-002.pdf"]:
    merger.append(pdf)

merger.write("invoice-003.pdf")
merger.close()

The result is this:

python test_001.py
Size in pages :  1
========
Page :  {'/Type': '/Page', '/Resources': {'/ProcSet': ['/PDF', '/Text', '/ImageB', '/ImageC', '/ImageI'], '/ExtGState': 
{'/G3': IndirectObject(3, 0, 2484091272080)}, '/XObject': {'/X4': IndirectObject(4, 0, 2484091272080)}, '/Font': {'/F7': 
IndirectObject(7, 0, 2484091272080), '/F8': IndirectObject(8, 0, 2484091272080)}}, '/MediaBox': [0, 0, 612, 792], 
'/Contents': IndirectObject(9, 0, 2484091272080), '/StructParents': 0, '/Parent': IndirectObject(10, 0, 2484091272080)}
========
Page text :  Dino Store
227 Cobblestone Road
30000 Bedrock, Cobblestone County
+555 7 789-1234
https://dinostore.bed | hello@dinostore.bedPayment details:
ACC:123006705
IBAN:US100000060345
SWIFT:BOA447
Bill to:
Slate Rock and Gravel Company
222 Rocky Way
30000 Bedrock, Cobblestone County
+555 7 123-5555
fred@slaterockgravel.bedInvoice No. 1
Invoice Date: 03.03.2024
Issue Date: 03.03.2024
Due Date: 02.04.2024
INVOICE
Item Quantity Price Discount Tax Linetotal
1 Test 001 1 50,00 € 1% 19% 49,50 €
2 Test 002 2 40,00 € 2% 19% 78,40 €
3 Frozen Brontosaurus Ribs 1 100,00 € 0% 19% 100,00 €
Subtotal: 227,90 €
Tax 19%: 43,30 €
Total: 271,20 €
Terms & Notes
Fred, thank you very much. We really appreciate your business.
Please send payments before the due date.
========
PDF Metadata :  {'/Creator': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) 
Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/122.0.0.0', '/Producer': 'Skia/PDF m122', '/CreationDate': 
"D:20240304221509+00'00'", '/ModDate': "D:20240304221509+00'00'"}
PDF Metadata - Title:  None
========

The run of the script will create a second blend PDF named invoice-002 then will merge with the first one will result a PDF named : invoice-003.pdf .

Python 3.12.1 : pipx tool .

The pip is a general-purpose package installer for both libraries and apps with no environment isolation. pipx is made specifically for application installation, as it adds isolation yet still makes the apps available in your shell: pipx creates an isolated environment for each application and its associated packages.

Install the pipx tool :

python -m pip install --user pipx
Collecting pipx
  Downloading pipx-1.4.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (17 kB)
  ...

Upgrade the pipx tool:

python -m pip install --user --upgrade pipx

Using pipx to install an application by running :

python -m pipx install pyos
⡿ installing pyos  installed package pyos 0.8.0, installed using Python 3.12.1
  These apps are now globally available
    - psh.exe
    - pyos.exe
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨

Show the Python packages on the environment:

python -m pipx list
venvs are in C:\Users\catafest\AppData\Local\pipx\pipx\venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at C:\Users\catafest\.local\bin
manual pages are exposed at C:\Users\catafest\.local\share\man
   package pyos 0.8.0, installed using Python 3.12.1
    - psh.exe
    - pyos.exe

If an application installed by pipx requires additional packages, you can add them with pipx inject, and this can be seen with the list argument.

python -m pipx inject pyos matplotlib
  injected package matplotlib into venv pyos
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
...
python -m pipx list
venvs are in C:\Users\catafest\AppData\Local\pipx\pipx\venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at C:\Users\catafest\.local\bin
manual pages are exposed at C:\Users\catafest\.local\share\man
   package pyos 0.8.0, installed using Python 3.12.1
    - psh.exe
    - pyos.exe
...    
python -m pipx list --include-injected
venvs are in C:\Users\catafest\AppData\Local\pipx\pipx\venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at C:\Users\catafest\.local\bin
manual pages are exposed at C:\Users\catafest\.local\share\man
   package pyos 0.8.0, installed using Python 3.12.1
    - psh.exe
    - pyos.exe
    Injected Packages:
      - matplotlib 3.8.3
      - test-py 0.3

This adds the matplotlib package to pyosenvironment.

If I try to inject into another environment name, then I will get an error:

python -m pipx inject catafest matplotlib
Can't inject 'matplotlib' into nonexistent Virtual Environment 'catafest'. Be sure to install the package first
with 'pipx install catafest' before injecting into it.

Create a Python file named test.py with this source code:

# test.py

# Requirements:
# requests
#
# The list of requirements is terminated by a blank line or an empty comment line.

import sys
import requests
project = sys.argv[1]
pipx_data = requests.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{project}/json").json()
print(pipx_data["info"]["version"])

You can run it with:

python -m pipx run test.py pipx
1.4.3

I don't know how advanced the environment is built and I tested some simple scenarios but I found some inconsistencies in the scripts created by the user that can be run other than with a simple run and on several environments in the same folder. Theoretically, there should be such functionality.

Python 3.12.1 : The kaitai python module and IDE online tool.

Kaitai Struct is a declarative language used to describe various binary data structures, laid out in files or in memory: i.e. binary file formats, network stream packet formats, etc.

The main idea is that a particular format is described in Kaitai Struct language (.ksy file) and then can be compiled with ksc into source files in one of the supported programming languages. These modules will include a generated code for a parser that can read the described data structure from a file or stream and give access to it in a nice, easy-to-comprehend API.

Let's install the Python module:

python3 -m pip install --upgrade kaitaistruct
Python was not found; run without arguments to install from the Microsoft Store, or disable this shortcut from Settings > Manage App Execution Aliases.

C:\PythonProjects\kaitai_001>python -m pip install --upgrade kaitaistruct
Collecting kaitaistruct
  Downloading kaitaistruct-0.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.5 kB)
Downloading kaitaistruct-0.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.0 kB)
Installing collected packages: kaitaistruct
Successfully installed kaitaistruct-0.10

The Kaitai compiler can be downloaded from the official website.

After installation, you can use the compiler ...

kaitai-struct-compiler.bat --version
kaitai-struct-compiler 0.10
...
kaitai-struct-compiler.bat --help
kaitai-struct-compiler 0.10
Usage: kaitai-struct-compiler [options] ...

  ...                source files (.ksy)
  -t, --target   target languages (graphviz, csharp, rust, all, perl, java, go, cpp_stl, php, lua, python, nim, html, ruby, construct, javascript)
  -d, --outdir 
                           output directory (filenames will be auto-generated); on Unix-like shells, the short form `-d` requires arguments to be preceded by `--`
  -I, --import-path ;;...
                           .ksy library search path(s) for imports (see also KSPATH env variable)
  --cpp-namespace 
                           C++ namespace (C++ only, default: none)
  --cpp-standard 
                           C++ standard to target (C++ only, supported: 98, 11, default: 98)
  --go-package    Go package (Go only, default: none)
  --java-package 
                           Java package (Java only, default: root package)
  --java-from-file-class 
                           Java class to be invoked in fromFile() helper (default: io.kaitai.struct.ByteBufferKaitaiStream)
  --dotnet-namespace 
                           .NET Namespace (.NET only, default: Kaitai)
  --php-namespace 
                           PHP Namespace (PHP only, default: root package)
  --python-package 
                           Python package (Python only, default: root package)
  --nim-module     Path of Nim runtime module (Nim only, default: kaitai_struct_nim_runtime)
  --nim-opaque     Directory of opaque Nim modules (Nim only, default: directory of generated module)
  --opaque-types    opaque types allowed, default: false
  --ksc-exceptions         ksc throws exceptions instead of human-readable error messages
  --ksc-json-output        output compilation results as JSON to stdout
  --verbose         verbose output
  --no-auto-read           disable auto-running `_read` in constructor
  --read-pos               `_read` remembers attribute positions in stream
  --debug                  same as --no-auto-read --read-pos (useful for visualization tools)
  --help                   display this help and exit
  --version                output version information and exit

Steps to use this tool with Python. You need to use a defined kaitai file format for your file type - for example, gif file format, compile this kaitai then you can use it in this manner:

from kaitaistruct import __version__ as ks_version, KaitaiStruct, KaitaiStream, BytesIO
import mmap
print('kaitai version : ', ks_version)
f = open("python_giphy.gif", "rb")
with mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ) as buf:
    stream = KaitaiStream(BytesIO(buf))
    obj1 = print(stream)
    obj2 = print(stream)
    obj3 = print(stream)
stream.close()

I only test a little but is a great tool.

Kaitai Struct is free and open-source software, licensed under the following terms: Compiler and visualizer — GPLv3+ and these Runtime libraries:

• C++/STL — MIT
• C# — MIT
• Go — MIT
• Java — MIT
• JavaScript — Apache v2
• Lua — MIT
• Nim — MIT
• Perl — MIT
• PHP — MIT
• Python — MIT
• Ruby — MIT
• Rust — MIT
• Swift — MIT

Is easier to understand if you use the IDE on the web. On the left side you can see a cloud icon for upload, first, select the kaitai GIF type from formats/image/gif.ksy from web IDE, then select a GIF file from your computer and upload.

The default IDE looks like this:

You can use the kaitai online IDE.

Python 3.10.12 : YOLOv9 with GELAN-C model on colab notebook - part 045.

Today I tested YOLOv9 with GELAN-C model. Find the notebook on my GitHub repo.

Python 3.10.12 : Few example for CUDA and NVCC - part 044.

NVCC use CUDA C/C++ source code and allows developers to write high-performance GPU-accelerated applications by leveraging the power of NVIDIA GPUs for parallel processing tasks.

Today I test some simple examples with this tool on Google Colab using the nvcc4jupyter python package.

You need to install it with the pip and know how to use the CUDA C/C++ source code, or use the basic example from documentation.

pip install nvcc4jupyter

I change some source code because is need to install this library and I don't have time to learn and test.

But this will allow me to test better, because on my desktop I don't have a good hardware.

This is the source I change and I cut the source code linked on error_handling.h.

This is the changed source code , you can see more on my GitHub repo for Google Colab ! !

#include 
//#include "error_handling.h"

const int DSIZE = 4096;
const int block_size = 256;

// vector add kernel: C = A + B
__global__ void vadd(const float *A, const float *B, float *C, int ds){
    int idx = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
    if (idx < ds) {
        C[idx] = A[idx] + B[idx];
    }
}

int main(){
    float *h_A, *h_B, *h_C, *d_A, *d_B, *d_C;

    // allocate space for vectors in host memory
    h_A = new float[DSIZE];
    h_B = new float[DSIZE];
    h_C = new float[DSIZE];

    // initialize vectors in host memory to random values (except for the
    // result vector whose values do not matter as they will be overwritten)
    for (int i = 0; i < DSIZE; i++) {
        h_A[i] = rand()/(float)RAND_MAX;
        h_B[i] = rand()/(float)RAND_MAX;
    }

    // allocate space for vectors in device memory
    cudaMalloc(&d_A, DSIZE*sizeof(float));
    cudaMalloc(&d_B, DSIZE*sizeof(float));
    cudaMalloc(&d_C, DSIZE*sizeof(float));
    //cudaCheckErrors("cudaMalloc failure"); // error checking

    // copy vectors A and B from host to device:
    cudaMemcpy(d_A, h_A, DSIZE*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    cudaMemcpy(d_B, h_B, DSIZE*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
    //cudaCheckErrors("cudaMemcpy H2D failure");

    // launch the vector adding kernel
    vadd<<<(DSIZE+block_size-1)/block_size, block_size>>>(d_A, d_B, d_C, DSIZE);
    //cudaCheckErrors("kernel launch failure");

    // wait for the kernel to finish execution
    cudaDeviceSynchronize();
    //cudaCheckErrors("kernel execution failure");

    cudaMemcpy(h_C, d_C, DSIZE*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
    //cudaCheckErrors("cudaMemcpy D2H failure");

    printf("A[0] = %f\n", h_A[0]);
    printf("B[0] = %f\n", h_B[0]);
    printf("C[0] = %f\n", h_C[0]);
    return 0;
}

This is result ...

A[0] = 0.840188
B[0] = 0.394383
C[0] = 0.000000

Python 3.12.1 : Simple view for sqlite table with PyQt6.

This is the source code that show you how to use QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery, QSqlTableModel:

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QTableView
from PyQt6.QtSql import QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery, QSqlTableModel

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        # Initialize the database
        self.init_db()

        # Set up the GUI
        self.table_view = QTableView(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.table_view)

        # Set up the model and connect it to the database
        self.model = QSqlTableModel(self)
        self.model.setTable('files')
        self.model.select()
        self.table_view.setModel(self.model)

    def init_db(self):
        # Connect to the database
        db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QSQLITE')
        db.setDatabaseName('file_paths.db')
        if not db.open():
            print('Could not open database')
            sys.exit(1)

    def create_table(self):
        # Create the 'files' table if it doesn't exist
        query = QSqlQuery()
        query.exec('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS files (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, path TEXT)')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

Python 3.12.1 : Simple browser with PyQt6-WebEngine.

This is a source code for a minimal browser with PyQt6 and PyQt6-WebEngine.

You need to install it with the pip tool:

pip install PyQt6 PyQt6-WebEngine

You can update the pip tool with

python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

Create a python script use the source code and run it.

Let's see the source code:

import sys
from PyQt6.QtCore import QUrl
from PyQt6.QtGui import QKeySequence, QAction
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLineEdit, QToolBar
from PyQt6.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
 
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
         
        # Create a web view
        self.web_view = QWebEngineView()
        self.web_view.setUrl(QUrl("127.0.0.1"))
        self.setCentralWidget(self.web_view)
 
        # Create a toolbar
        toolbar = QToolBar()
        self.addToolBar(toolbar)
         
        # Add a back action to the toolbar
        back_action = QAction("Back", self)
        back_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Back"))
        back_action.triggered.connect(self.web_view.back)
        toolbar.addAction(back_action)
         
        # Add a forward action to the toolbar
        forward_action = QAction("Forward", self)
        forward_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Forward"))
        forward_action.triggered.connect(self.web_view.forward)
        toolbar.addAction(forward_action)
         
        # Add a reload action to the toolbar
        reload_action = QAction("Reload", self)
        reload_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence("Refresh"))
        reload_action.triggered.connect(self.web_view.reload)
        toolbar.addAction(reload_action)
         
        # Add a search bar to the toolbar
        self.search_bar = QLineEdit()
        self.search_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.load_url)
        toolbar.addWidget(self.search_bar)
         
         
    def load_url(self):
        url = self.search_bar.text()
        if not url.startswith("http"):
            url = "https://" + url
        self.web_view.load(QUrl(url))
         
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    app.exec()

News : How to use ShellExecuteA with Python programming language.

I just discovery this option to use ShellExecuteA in Python.

Let's see some example:

import ctypes
import sys

def is_admin():
    try:
        return ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin()
    except:
        return False

if not is_admin():
    ctypes.windll.shell32.ShellExecuteW(None, "runas", sys.executable, __file__, None, 1)

... and another example:

import sys
import ctypes

#fix unicode access
import sys
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
    unicode = str

def run_as_admin(argv=None, debug=False):
    shell32 = ctypes.windll.shell32
    if argv is None and shell32.IsUserAnAdmin():
        return True    
    if argv is None:
        argv = sys.argv
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        # Support pyinstaller wrapped program.
        arguments = map(unicode, argv[1:])
    else:
        arguments = map(unicode, argv)
    argument_line = u' '.join(arguments)
    executable = unicode(sys.executable)
    if debug:
        print('Command line: ', executable, argument_line)
    ret = shell32.ShellExecuteW(None, u"runas", executable, argument_line, None, 1)
    if int(ret) <= 32:
        return False
    return None  

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ret = run_as_admin()
    if ret is True:
        print ('I have admin privilege.')
        input('Press ENTER to exit.')
    elif ret is None:
        print('I am elevating to admin privilege.')
        input('Press ENTER to exit.')
    else:
        print('Error(ret=%d): cannot elevate privilege.' % (ret, ))

News : NVIDIA Kaolin library provides a PyTorch API.

NVIDIA Kaolin library provides a PyTorch API for working with a variety of 3D representations and includes a growing collection of GPU-optimized operations such as modular differentiable rendering, fast conversions between representations, data loading, 3D checkpoints, differentiable camera API, differentiable lighting with spherical harmonics and spherical gaussians, powerful quadtree acceleration structure called Structured Point Clouds, interactive 3D visualizer for jupyter notebooks, convenient batched mesh container and more ... from GitHub repo - kaolin.

See this example from NVIDIA:

NVIDIA Kaolin library has introduced the SurfaceMesh class to make it easier to track attributes such as faces, vertices, normals, face_normals, and others associated with surface meshes.

Python 3.12.1 : Create a simple color palette.

Today I tested a simple source code for a color palette created with PIL python package.

This is the result:

Let's see the source code:

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

# 640x640 pixeli with 10x10 squares 64x64 
img = Image.new('RGB', (640, 640))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)

# color list
colors = []
# for 100 colors you need to set steps with 62,62,64 
# or you can change 64,62,62 some little changes 
for r in range(0, 256, 62):
    for g in range(0, 256, 62):
        for b in range(0, 256, 64):
            colors.append((r, g, b))

# show result of colors and size up 100 items 
print(colors)
print(len(colors))

# create 10x10 colors and fill the image 
for i in range(10):
    for j in range(10):
        x0 = j * 64
        y0 = i * 64
        x1 = x0 + 64
        y1 = y0 + 64
        color = colors[i*10 + j]  # Selectarea culorii din lista
        draw.rectangle([x0, y0, x1, y1], fill=color)

# save teh image
img.save('rgb_color_matrix.png')

Python 3.10.12 : LaTeX on colab notebook - part 043.

Today I tested with a simple LaTeX examples in the Colab notebook.

If you open my notebook colab then you will see some issues and how can be fixed.

You can find this on my notebook - catafest_056.ipynb on colab repo.

Python 3.12.1 : How to read all CLSID with winreg.

The winreg python module can be found default into python instalation.

This is the source code I used to list all of CLSID:

import winreg

# Open the CLSID key under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
clsid_key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "CLSID")

# Iterate through all the subkeys
for i in range(winreg.QueryInfoKey(clsid_key)[0]):
    # Get the name of the subkey
    subkey_name = winreg.EnumKey(clsid_key, i)
    # Open the subkey
    subkey = winreg.OpenKey(clsid_key, subkey_name, 0, winreg.KEY_READ)
    try:
        # Read the default value of the subkey
        value, type = winreg.QueryValueEx(subkey, "")
        # Print the subkey name and the value
        print(subkey_name, value)
    except:
        # Skip the subkeys that cannot be read
        pass
    # Close the subkey
    winreg.CloseKey(subkey)

# Close the CLSID key
winreg.CloseKey(clsid_key)

... and this source code comes with an text file output:

import winreg

# Open the CLSID key under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
clsid_key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "CLSID")

# Open the file for writing
with open("clsid_info.txt", "w") as f:
    # Iterate through all the subkeys
    for i in range(winreg.QueryInfoKey(clsid_key)[0]):
        # Get the name of the subkey
        subkey_name = winreg.EnumKey(clsid_key, i)
        # Open the subkey
        subkey = winreg.OpenKey(clsid_key, subkey_name, 0, winreg.KEY_READ)
        try:
            # Read the default value of the subkey
            value, type = winreg.QueryValueEx(subkey, "")
            # Write the subkey name and the value to the file
            f.write(subkey_name + " " + value + "\n")
        except:
            # Skip the subkeys that cannot be read
            pass
        # Close the subkey
        winreg.CloseKey(subkey)

# Close the CLSID key
winreg.CloseKey(clsid_key)