Using fnmatch python module ...

The module fnmatch provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions.

Why , because the special characters used are : * , ? , [seq] , [!seq] .

This is default example from fnmach website.

>>> for file in os.listdir('.'):
...  if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
...   print file
... 
tableta.txt
verf.txt
a.txt
python-modules.txt
untitled.txt
resetbios.txt
>>> 

Now I want to show you another way to use this module.

Using Blender with multiple objects and python script can be very hard way.

For example if you have many objects or one matrix of objects create manually or with some scripts the named object is like in the next image:

Just use the fnmatch to sort this objects.

>>> import bpy 
>>> import fnmatch

Now get all meshes objects.

>>> all_objects = bpy.data.objects

Put names of all meshes as a list of strings.

>>> list_all_objects= [all_objects[i].name for i in range(len(all_objects))]

Use the python module fnmatch to filter the name of objects.

>>> new_list_objects = fnmatch.filter(list_all_objects, 'Cube.*')]

Now you can use this new list to make some change. I use print to show test the list.

>>> print(new_list_objects)
['Cube.001', 'Cube.002', 'Cube.003'

The goal of fnmatch module in Blender 3D can be use one module to make list of objects and enables searching for files given a file name pattern.

It's two features in one module.

Also this python module can be used to get some

>>> regular_expression_txt = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regular_expression_txt
'.*\\.txt\\Z(?ms)'
>>> print(regular_expression_txt)
.*\.txt\Z(?ms)

Just remove \Z(?ms) and use it.

I try to use some regular expression and seam working well.

Simple way to reverse strings

Just see the next source code:

>>> text='0123456789'
>>> reverse_text=text[::-1]
>>> print reverse_text
9876543210
>>> 

Make Newton fractal with python

A fractal is a mathematical set that has a fractal dimension that usually exceeds its topological dimension , see Fractal wikipedia.

Today I used my mind and also my python skills to make one fractal image.

I use Newton's method to make all points and PIL python module to save the result.

Let's see the source code and comments.

from PIL import Image
#size of image
imgx = 600
imgy = 400
#make image buffer
image = Image.new("RGB", (imgx, imgy))

# area of fractal
xa = -2.0
xb = 2.0
ya = -2.0
yb = 2.0

#define constants
max_iterations = 10 # max iterations allowed
step_derivat = 0.002e-1 # step size for numerical derivative
error = 5e-19 # max error allowed

# function will generate the newton fractal
def f(z): return z * z  + complex(-0.31,0.031)

# draw derivate fractal for each y and x 
for y in range(imgy):
 zy = y * (yb - ya)/(imgy - 1) + ya
 for x in range(imgx):
  zx = x * (xb - xa)/(imgx - 1) + xa
  z = complex(zx, zy)
  for i in range(max_iterations):
   # make complex numerical derivative
   dz = (f(z + complex(step_derivat, step_derivat)) - f(z))/complex(step_derivat,step_derivat)
 # Newton iteration see wikipedia   
   z0 = z - f(z)/dz 
   # stop to the error 
   if abs(z0 - z) < error: 
    break
   z = z0
  #I use modulo operation expression to do RGB colors of the pixels 
  image.putpixel((x, y), (i % 8 * 16, i % 4 * 32,i % 2 * 64))
  
#save the result 
image.save("fractal.png", "PNG")

This is the final result of Newton fractal image:

PP 1.6.4 is released ...

The new version : PP 1.6.4 is released and working well.

What is PP python module?

PP is a python module which provides mechanism for parallel execution of python code on SMP and clusters.

SMP - systems with multiple processors or cores;

clusters - computers connected via network;

Read more Parallel Python.

Using Flask to build websites in Python.

The python module Flask is a small web framework.

Install the module using pip.

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ pip install Flask
Downloading/unpacking Flask
  Downloading Flask-0.9.tar.gz (481kB): 481kB downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Flask
    
    warning: no files found matching '*' under directory 'tests'
    ...
    ...
Successfully installed Flask Werkzeug Jinja2
Cleaning up...

Create the next python script and save as : flask-web.py .

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

Run the python script:

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ python flask-web.py 
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Jan/2013 00:10:35] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Jan/2013 00:10:36] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Jan/2013 00:10:36] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 -
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Jan/2013 00:10:36] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Jan/2013 00:10:36] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 -

You will see something like this:

Also you can try the quickstart tutorial here.

The sandboxed Python - development environments using pip and virtualenv .

Use pip and virtualenv and you can make sandboxed Python development environments.

With this tools such as pip and virtualenv you have total control over the development environment.

Why? Because if your project is developed by a team with mutiple developers then they prefer having exactly replicated environments.

Let's try some simple example commands:

1. Start your environment ( in my case is: my_new_env ).

[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ python virtualenv.py my_new_env
New python executable in my_new_env/bin/python
Installing setuptools..................done.
Installing pip.............done.

Activate your environment ( in my case is: my_new_env ).

[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ . my_new_env/bin/activate

Let's see the pip --help command :

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ pip --help
Usage: pip COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 --version                    show program's version number and exit
 -h, --help                   Show help
 -v, --verbose                Give more output
 -q, --quiet                  Give less output
 --log <filename>             Log file where a complete (maximum verbosity)
                              record will be kept
 --proxy <proxy>              Specify a proxy in the form
                              user:passwd@proxy.server:port. Note that the
                              user:password@ is optional and required only if
                              you are behind an authenticated proxy. If you
                              provide user@proxy.server:port then you will be
                              prompted for a password.
 --timeout <seconds>          Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds)
 --exists-action <exists_action>
                              Default action when a path already exists. Use
                              this option more than one time to specify
                              another action if a certain option is not
                              available. Choices: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe,
                              (b)ackup

Commands available:
  bundle: Create pybundles (archives containing multiple packages)
  freeze: Output all currently installed packages (exact versions) to stdout
  help: Show available commands
  install: Install packages
  search: Search PyPI
  uninstall: Uninstall packages
  unzip: Unzip individual packages
  zip: Zip individual packages

Now we will use freeze and install.

I will list all the pip packages used in my virtual environment.

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$  pip freeze -l
PyOpenGL==3.0.2
PyOpenGL-accelerate==3.0.2

Put all the output in my_packages.txt file.

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ pip freeze -l > my_packages.txt

Install my packages from my_packages.txt .

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ pip install -r my_packages.txt
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): PyOpenGL==3.0.2 in 
./my_new_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r my_packages.txt (line 1))
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): PyOpenGL-accelerate==3.0.2 in 
./my_new_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r my_packages.txt (line 2))
Cleaning up...

Let's try now to find one python module : opencv .

(my_new_env)[free-tutorials@free-tutorials ~]$ pip search opencv 
remotecv                  - remotecv is an OpenCV server for facial and
                            feature recognition
ctypes-opencv             - ctypes-opencv - A Python wrapper for OpenCV using
                            ctypes
pyopencv                  - PyOpenCV - A Python wrapper for OpenCV 2.x using
                            Boost.Python and NumPy
opencv-cython             - An alternative OpenCV wrapper
CVtypes                   - Python OpenCV wrapper using ctypes
Tippy                     - another Toolbox for Image Processing in PYthon,
                            based on OpenCV

You can see where the version of python you are using installs to by running it the next python code.

>>> import sys
>>> sys.prefix
'/home/free-tutorials/my_new_env'
>>> sys.exec_prefix
'/home/free-tutorials/my_new_env'

To leave your environment just type next command: $ deactivate.

I will come with new tutorials about pip and virtualenv .

See you later.